Stringer B, Infante-Rivard C, Hanley J
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
AORN J. 2001 Jun;73(6):1135-40, 1142-3, 1145-6; quiz 1147-8, 1151-4. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)61839-5.
The risk of becoming infected with bloodborne pathogens (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV) during surgery is real. The degree of risk for perioperative personnel is related to factors that include participating in large numbers of surgical procedures each year; the nature of perioperative work (e.g., use of different types of sharp instruments): exposure to large amounts of blood and body fluids; the prevalence of bloodborne pathogens in the surgical population; the variation in different organisms' ability to be transmitted; the existence of vaccines and the level of vaccination; the availability of postexposure treatment; and the consequences of acquiring the disease. Controlling risks to perioperative personnel can be accomplished by using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's three methods of control--redesigning surgical equipment and procedures, changing work practices, and enhancing the personal protection equipment of perioperative personnel.
手术期间感染血源性病原体（如乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、艾滋病毒）的风险是切实存在的。围手术期工作人员的风险程度与多种因素有关，这些因素包括每年参与大量外科手术；围手术期工作的性质（如使用不同类型的锐器）；接触大量血液和体液；外科手术人群中血源性病原体的流行情况；不同病原体传播能力的差异；疫苗的存在及接种水平；暴露后治疗的可及性；以及感染疾病的后果。通过采用美国职业安全与健康管理局的三种控制方法——重新设计手术设备和程序、改变工作习惯以及加强围手术期工作人员的个人防护装备，可以控制对围手术期工作人员的风险。
