Cardo D M, Bell D M
HIV Infections Branch, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Jun;11(2):331-46. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70359-7.
Occupational transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and HIV has been documented. The risk for occupationally transmitted infection varies for these three viruses. Despite effective pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for HBV and recent recommendations for postexposure chemoprophylaxis after an HIV exposure, the best approach to prevent occupational bloodborne infection is the prevention of blood exposures. Epidemiologic data of percutaneous injuries and other blood contacts have provided the basis for prevention strategies. These strategies include the development of improved engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的职业传播已有文献记载。这三种病毒职业传播感染的风险各不相同。尽管针对HBV有有效的暴露前和暴露后预防措施，且近期也有关于HIV暴露后化学预防的建议，但预防职业性血源感染的最佳方法是预防血液暴露。经皮损伤和其他血液接触的流行病学数据为预防策略提供了依据。这些策略包括改进工程控制、工作规范和个人防护设备。
