Medvecky M J, Bosco J, Sherman O H
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jamaica Hospital, Jamaica, New York, USA.
Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2000;59(4):217-26.
The gender disparity of anterior cruciate ligament injury has recently been demonstrated and is striking. Numerous etiological factors have been implicated but definitive causation has not yet been determined. An overview of the various hypotheses has been presented and it appears that the etiology is multifactorial. The intrinsic factors are primarily anatomical and cannot be altered in an effort to reduce injury rate. Presently, neuromuscular factors appear to be the most contributory to female ACL injury. Physicians, trainers, and coaches participating in the care of female athletes should encourage proper conditioning. A particular emphasis should be placed on hamstring and gastrocnemius strengthening, as female athletes tend to be quadriceps dominant. Movement training that encourages landing and pivoting with increased knee flexion should also be emphasized. Structured plyometric and jump training programs have been documented to significantly reduce the rate of female ACL injury and continued research in this area may provide more explanation to the gender disparity of ACL injury rates.
前交叉韧带损伤的性别差异最近已得到证实，且十分显著。众多病因已被提及，但确切病因尚未确定。已对各种假说进行了概述，病因似乎是多因素的。内在因素主要是解剖学上的，无法通过改变来降低损伤率。目前，神经肌肉因素似乎是女性前交叉韧带损伤的最大促成因素。参与女性运动员护理的医生、训练师和教练应鼓励进行适当的体能训练。应特别强调加强腘绳肌和腓肠肌，因为女性运动员往往以股四头肌为主导。还应强调鼓励在膝关节更大屈曲角度下着地和旋转的运动训练。有记录表明，结构化的增强式训练和跳跃训练计划可显著降低女性前交叉韧带损伤率，该领域的持续研究可能会为前交叉韧带损伤率的性别差异提供更多解释。
