Pérès M, Van De Moortele P F, Pierard C, Lehericy S, Satabin P, Le Bihan D, Guezennec C Y
Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2000 Dec;71(12):1218-31.
The objective of this study was to analyze the sensory and cognitive functions associated with activated brain regions characterizing mental strategy relative to degree of expertise in aviation-related tasks.
We used echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to examine brain activity in expert pilots (n = 6) compared with novice pilots (n = 6) during performance of a simulated aviation track-following task at 200 knots vs. 100 knots.
Expert pilots showed reduced activity in visual and motor regions that contrasted with predominant activation within anterior structures including the frontal and prefrontal cortices; structures involved in visual working memory, planning, selective attention and decision making functions. Novice pilots showed widespread activation of anterior and posterior brain structures, with a rise in activity in the visual, parietal and motor cortices as task difficulty increased.
A high level of performance in the track-following task related to a high degree of expertise in the aviation field. This corresponded to experts performing perceptual and mnemonic processing through a network of specialized functions from visual through multiple prefrontal areas. By contrast, the novice pilots predominantly show activity associated with non-specific perceptual processing and without subsequent representation of selective information in working memory.
本研究的目的是分析与激活的脑区相关的感觉和认知功能，这些脑区表征了与航空相关任务的专业程度相关的心理策略。
我们使用回波平面功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，在专家飞行员（n = 6）与新手飞行员（n = 6）执行模拟航空跟踪任务时，以200节与100节的速度进行比较，检查他们的大脑活动。
专家飞行员在视觉和运动区域的活动减少，这与包括额叶和前额叶皮质在内的前部结构中的主要激活形成对比；这些结构参与视觉工作记忆、计划、选择性注意和决策功能。新手飞行员在前脑和后脑结构中广泛激活，随着任务难度增加，视觉、顶叶和运动皮质的活动增加。
在跟踪任务中的高水平表现与航空领域的高度专业知识相关。这对应于专家通过从视觉到多个前额叶区域的专门功能网络进行感知和记忆处理。相比之下，新手飞行员主要表现出与非特异性感知处理相关的活动，并且在工作记忆中没有随后的选择性信息表征。
