Pruell R J, Taplin B K, McGovern D G, McKinney R, Norton S B
National Health and Ecological Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
Mar Environ Res. 2000 Feb;49(1):19-36. doi: 10.1016/s0141-1136(99)00046-x.
A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the transfer of organic contaminants from an environmentally contaminated marine sediment through a simple marine food chain. The infaunal polychaete, Nereis virens, was exposed to contaminated sediment collected from the Passaic River, NJ, USA, for 70 days. These polychaetes were then fed to the American lobster, Homarus americanus, for up to 112 days. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene (TCDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and several chlorinated pesticides were accumulated by polychaetes following exposure to the contaminated sediment. Some of these contaminants were also accumulated by lobsters which were exposed to the contaminated sediment and/or fed contaminated polychaetes. Only the lesser chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs (mostly tetra- and pentachlorinated congeners) and 2,4,6,8-TCDT were detected in the polychaetes and lobster. Significant alterations were noted in the PCB patterns found in both species, particularly the lobster. The non-ortho-substituted PCBs (such as congeners 77 and 126) became enriched in the PCB mixtures of the polychaetes and especially the lobsters relative to the sediment, probably because these congeners were not metabolized. These congeners and the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalents of the PCB mixtures were enriched by a factor of about six in the lobsters relative to the sediment. Elimination of PCB congeners containing vicinal hydrogens in the meta-para region is consistent with cytochrome P450IIB-type metabolism. Based on the concentration trends for some PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticide ratios measured in the lobsters during this experiment, it appears that this metabolic system is inducible in the American lobster.
进行了一项实验室实验，以研究环境受污染的海洋沉积物中的有机污染物通过简单海洋食物链的转移情况。将底栖多毛类动物沙蚕暴露于从美国新泽西州帕塞伊克河采集的受污染沉积物中70天。然后将这些多毛类动物投喂给美洲龙虾长达112天。多毛类动物在接触受污染沉积物后积累了多氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英（PCDDs）、多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）、2,4,6,8 - 四氯二苯并噻吩（TCDT）、多氯联苯（PCBs）以及几种氯代农药。其中一些污染物也在接触受污染沉积物和/或投喂受污染多毛类动物的龙虾体内积累。在多毛类动物和龙虾体内仅检测到氯代程度较低的PCDDs和PCDFs（主要是四氯和五氯同系物）以及2,4,6,8 - TCDT。在这两个物种（尤其是龙虾）中发现的PCB模式有显著变化。相对于沉积物，非邻位取代的PCBs（如77和126同系物）在多毛类动物尤其是龙虾的PCB混合物中富集，可能是因为这些同系物未被代谢。相对于沉积物，这些同系物以及PCB混合物的2,3,7,8 - 四氯二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英毒性当量在龙虾体内富集了约6倍。消除间位 - 对位区域含有邻位氢的PCB同系物与细胞色素P450IIB型代谢一致。基于本实验中在龙虾体内测得的一些PCB同系物的浓度趋势和氯代农药比例，似乎这种代谢系统在美洲龙虾中是可诱导的。
