LeBlanc A E, Cappell H
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1975 Mar-Apr;3(2):185-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(75)90146-x.
In Experiment 1, 4 doses of morphine and 4 doses of naloxone were tested for their ability to induce a conditioned aversion to saccharin in rats. Morphine was much more potent than naloxone which had only weak effects at the highest dose (12.96 mg/kg). Based on the determinations of Experiment 1, doses of 0.096, 0.96 and 0.6 mg/kg of morphine in a second experiment. The highest dose of naloxone was an effective antagonist of morphine-induced aversion. The antagonism was incomplete, but this may have reflected the particular dose combinations that were employed. Although 12.96 mg/kg of naloxone induced only a weak conditioned aversion to saccharin in Experiment 1, 9.6 mg/kg had a substantial effect in Experiment 2. Thus naloxone was itself an agent of aversive conditioning at a dose which significantly antagonized the aversive effects of morphine. Because of the successful demonstraion of antagonism, it was suggested that there may be common pharmacological mechanisms involved in both positive reinforcement and aversive conditioning by drugs of the opiate class.
在实验1中，对4种剂量的吗啡和4种剂量的纳洛酮进行了测试，以考察它们在大鼠中诱导对糖精产生条件性厌恶的能力。吗啡比纳洛酮的效力要强得多，纳洛酮在最高剂量（12.96毫克/千克）时只有微弱的作用。基于实验1的测定结果，在第二个实验中使用了0.096、0.96和0.6毫克/千克的吗啡剂量。纳洛酮的最高剂量是吗啡诱导厌恶反应的有效拮抗剂。这种拮抗作用是不完全的，但这可能反映了所采用的特定剂量组合。尽管在实验1中12.96毫克/千克的纳洛酮仅诱导出对糖精的微弱条件性厌恶，但在实验2中9.6毫克/千克却产生了显著效果。因此，纳洛酮本身在一个能显著拮抗吗啡厌恶作用的剂量下就是一种厌恶条件作用剂。由于成功证明了拮抗作用，有人提出阿片类药物的正性强化和厌恶条件作用可能涉及共同的药理机制。
