Sabatinelli D, Bradley M M, Lang P J
National Institute of Mental Health Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2001 Jul;38(4):719-22.
Startle modulation was investigated as participants first anticipated and then viewed affective pictures in order to determine whether affective modulation of the startle reflex is similar in these different task contexts. During a 6-s anticipation period, a neutral light cue signaled whether the upcoming picture would portray snakes, erotica, or household objects; at the end of the anticipatory period, a picture in the signaled category was viewed for 6 s. Male participants highly fearful of snakes were recruited to maximize emotional arousal during anticipation and perception. Results indicated that the startle reflex was potentiated when anticipating either unpleasant (phobic) or pleasant (erotic) pictures, compared to neutral stimuli, whereas during perception, reflexes were potentiated when viewing unpleasant stimuli, and reduced when viewing pleasant pictures. The startle reflex is modulated by hedonic valence in picture perception, and by emotional arousal in a task context involving picture anticipation.
研究了惊吓调制，参与者首先进行预期，然后观看情感图片，以确定在这些不同的任务背景下惊吓反射的情感调制是否相似。在6秒的预期期内，一个中性光提示信号表明即将出现的图片会描绘蛇、色情内容还是家居用品；在预期期结束时，观看信号类别中的一张图片6秒。招募了对蛇高度恐惧的男性参与者，以在预期和感知过程中最大化情绪唤醒。结果表明，与中性刺激相比，在预期不愉快（恐惧）或愉快（色情）图片时，惊吓反射增强；而在感知过程中，观看不愉快刺激时反射增强，观看愉快图片时反射减弱。在图片感知中，惊吓反射受享乐效价调节，在涉及图片预期的任务背景中受情绪唤醒调节。
