Hawke T J, Garry D J
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Aug;91(2):534-51. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.534.
Adult skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate following myotrauma. Because adult myofibers are terminally differentiated, the regeneration of skeletal muscle is largely dependent on a small population of resident cells termed satellite cells. Although this population of cells was identified 40 years ago, little is known regarding the molecular phenotype or regulation of the satellite cell. The use of cell culture techniques and transgenic animal models has improved our understanding of this unique cell population; however, the capacity and potential of these cells remain ill-defined. This review will highlight the origin and unique markers of the satellite cell population, the regulation by growth factors, and the response to physiological and pathological stimuli. We conclude by highlighting the potential therapeutic uses of satellite cells and identifying future research goals for the study of satellite cell biology.
成年骨骼肌在遭受肌肉创伤后具有显著的再生能力。由于成年肌纤维是终末分化的，骨骼肌的再生很大程度上依赖于一小群被称为卫星细胞的驻留细胞。尽管这群细胞在40年前就已被识别，但关于卫星细胞的分子表型或调控却知之甚少。细胞培养技术和转基因动物模型的应用增进了我们对这一独特细胞群体的理解；然而，这些细胞的能力和潜力仍不明确。本综述将重点介绍卫星细胞群体的起源和独特标志物、生长因子的调控以及对生理和病理刺激的反应。我们通过强调卫星细胞的潜在治疗用途并确定卫星细胞生物学研究的未来研究目标来进行总结。
