Barajaa Mohammed A, Ghosh Debolina, Laurencin Cato T
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 34212 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2025 Mar;11(1):39-63. doi: 10.1007/s40883-023-00328-8. Epub 2023 Dec 8.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complicated milieu consisting of structural and functional molecules secreted by the resident cells that provides an optimal microenvironmental niche for enhanced cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, and tissue formation and maturation. For decades, ECM bio-scaffolds prepared from decellularized tissues have been used to promote skeletal muscle regeneration; however, it was recently discovered that these decellularized ECM (dECM) materials can be further processed into hydrogels, thus expanding the potential applications of dECM materials in skeletal muscle regenerative engineerisng (SMRE). This review article highlights the recent advances in dECM-derived hydrogels toward skeletal muscle regeneration and repair.
We screened articles in PubMed and bibliographic search using a combination of keywords. Relevant and high-cited articles were chosen for inclusion in this narrative review.
Here, we discuss the skeletal muscle ECM's structure, function, and biochemical composition with emphasis on the role of the ECM during skeletal muscle embryogenesis, growth, development, and repair. Furthermore, we review various hydrogels used to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. We also review the current applications of dECM-derived hydrogels toward SMRE. Finally, we discuss the clinical translation potential of dECM-derived hydrogels for skeletal muscle regeneration and repair and their potential clinical considerations in the future.
Although much progress has been made in the field of dECM-derived hydrogels toward SMRE, it is still in its nascent stage. We believe improving and standardizing the methods of decellularization, lowering the immunogenicity of dECMs, and carrying out in vivo investigations in large animal models would advance their future clinical applications.
Researchers have discovered an effective way to turn tissue materials into jelly-like substances known as extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived hydrogels. These ECM-derived hydrogels can help muscles heal better after serious injuries. They can be injected into gaps or used to guide muscle growth in the lab or body. This review article explains how these ECM-derived hydrogels are made and how they can be used to improve muscle healing. It also discusses their possible use in clinics and what needs to be considered before using them for medical treatments.
细胞外基质（ECM）是一个复杂的环境，由驻留细胞分泌的结构和功能分子组成，它为增强细胞黏附、生长、分化以及组织形成和成熟提供了最佳的微环境。几十年来，由脱细胞组织制备的ECM生物支架已被用于促进骨骼肌再生；然而，最近发现这些脱细胞ECM（dECM）材料可以进一步加工成水凝胶，从而扩大了dECM材料在骨骼肌再生工程（SMRE）中的潜在应用。这篇综述文章重点介绍了dECM衍生水凝胶在骨骼肌再生和修复方面的最新进展。
我们使用关键词组合在PubMed和文献检索中筛选文章。选择相关且被高引用的文章纳入本叙述性综述。
在此，我们讨论骨骼肌ECM的结构、功能和生化组成，重点是ECM在骨骼肌胚胎发生、生长、发育和修复过程中的作用。此外，我们综述了用于促进骨骼肌再生的各种水凝胶。我们还综述了dECM衍生水凝胶在SMRE中的当前应用。最后，我们讨论了dECM衍生水凝胶在骨骼肌再生和修复方面的临床转化潜力以及未来潜在的临床考虑因素。
尽管在dECM衍生水凝胶用于SMRE的领域已经取得了很大进展，但它仍处于起步阶段。我们相信改进和规范脱细胞方法、降低dECM的免疫原性以及在大型动物模型中进行体内研究将推动它们未来的临床应用。
研究人员发现了一种将组织材料转化为称为细胞外基质（ECM）衍生水凝胶的果冻状物质的有效方法。这些ECM衍生水凝胶可以帮助严重受伤后的肌肉更好地愈合。它们可以注射到间隙中，或用于在实验室或体内引导肌肉生长。这篇综述文章解释了这些ECM衍生水凝胶是如何制成的，以及它们如何用于改善肌肉愈合。它还讨论了它们在临床上的可能用途以及在将它们用于医学治疗之前需要考虑的事项。
