Gaunt Michael W, Sall Amadou A, Lamballerie Xavier de, Falconar Andrew K I, Dzhivanian Tatyana I, Gould Ernest A
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (formerly Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology), Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK5.
Pathogen Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK1.
J Gen Virol. 2001 Aug;82(Pt 8):1867-1876. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1867.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Flavivirus genus, using either partial sequences of the non-structural 5 gene or the structural envelope gene, revealed an extensive series of clades defined by their epidemiology and disease associations. These phylogenies identified mosquito-borne, tick-borne and no-known-vector (NKV) virus clades, which could be further subdivided into clades defined by their principal vertebrate host. The mosquito-borne flaviviruses revealed two distinct epidemiological groups: (i) the neurotropic viruses, often associated with encephalitic disease in humans or livestock, correlated with the Culex species vector and bird reservoirs and (ii) the non-neurotropic viruses, associated with haemorrhagic disease in humans, correlated with the Aedes species vector and primate hosts. Thus, the tree topology describing the virus-host association may reflect differences in the feeding behaviour between Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. The tick-borne viruses also formed two distinct groups: one group associated with seabirds and the other, the tick-borne encephalitis complex viruses, associated primarily with rodents. The NKV flaviviruses formed three distinct groups: one group, which was closely related to the mosquito-borne viruses, associated with bats; a second group, which was more genetically distant, also associated with bats; and a third group associated with rodents. Each epidemiological group within the phylogenies revealed distinct geographical clusters in either the Old World or the New World, which for mosquito-borne viruses may reflect an Old World origin. The correlation between epidemiology, disease correlation and biogeography begins to define the complex evolutionary relationships between the virus, vector, vertebrate host and ecological niche.
利用非结构5基因或结构包膜基因的部分序列对黄病毒属进行系统发育分析，结果显示，根据其流行病学和疾病关联可划分出一系列广泛的进化枝。这些系统发育树确定了蚊媒、蜱媒和未知载体（NKV）病毒进化枝，这些进化枝可进一步根据其主要脊椎动物宿主划分为不同的进化枝。蚊媒黄病毒显示出两个不同的流行病学组：（i）嗜神经病毒，通常与人类或家畜的脑炎疾病相关，与库蚊属载体和鸟类宿主相关；（ii）非嗜神经病毒，与人类出血性疾病相关，与伊蚊属载体和灵长类宿主相关。因此，描述病毒-宿主关联的树形拓扑结构可能反映了伊蚊和库蚊之间取食行为的差异。蜱媒病毒也形成了两个不同的组：一组与海鸟相关，另一组是蜱传脑炎复合病毒，主要与啮齿动物相关。NKV黄病毒形成了三个不同的组：一组与蚊媒病毒密切相关，与蝙蝠相关；第二组在遗传上距离较远，也与蝙蝠相关；第三组与啮齿动物相关。系统发育树中的每个流行病学组在旧世界或新世界都显示出不同的地理集群，对于蚊媒病毒来说，这可能反映了其起源于旧世界。流行病学、疾病关联和生物地理学之间的相关性开始界定病毒、载体、脊椎动物宿主和生态位之间复杂的进化关系。
