Largo R H, Caflisch J A, Hug F, Muggli K, Molnar A A, Molinari L
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001 Jul;43(7):444-53. doi: 10.1017/s0012162201000822.
Associated movements (AMs) are the most frequently assessed parameters of movement quality in children with motor dysfunctions. In this article, reference curves of duration and degree of AMs from 5 to 18 years are provided. In a cross-sectional study of non-disabled children (n=662) duration and degree of AMs were estimated at six specific ages while children performed repetitive finger, hand, and foot movements, alternating hand and foot movements, diadochokinesis, sequential finger movements, pegboard, stress gaits, and dynamic balance. Moderate-to-high intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the assessment of AMs were noted. Duration and degree of AMs displayed a non-linear developmental course that was a function of the motor task's complexity. AMs decreased most with age in repetitive movements, less in alternating and sequential movements, and least in the pegboard and dynamic balance. Reference curves demonstrated large interindividual variations for duration and degree of AMs. Both the variable developmental course and large interindividual variation need to be taken into account in the assessment of movement quality of school-age children. In contrast to timed performance, considerable sex differences for AMs were observed.
关联运动（AMs）是运动功能障碍儿童运动质量评估中最常被测量的参数。本文给出了5至18岁儿童AMs持续时间和程度的参考曲线。在一项针对非残疾儿童（n = 662）的横断面研究中，当儿童进行重复性手指、手部和足部运动、手足交替运动、轮替动作、顺序手指运动、插板测试、应激步态和动态平衡测试时，在六个特定年龄评估了AMs的持续时间和程度。观察到评估AMs时观察者内和观察者间具有中到高度的可靠性。AMs的持续时间和程度呈现出非线性的发展过程，这是运动任务复杂性的函数。在重复性运动中，AMs随年龄下降最多，在交替性和顺序性运动中下降较少，在插板测试和动态平衡测试中下降最少。参考曲线显示，AMs的持续时间和程度存在较大的个体差异。在评估学龄儿童的运动质量时，需要同时考虑可变的发展过程和较大的个体差异。与计时表现不同，观察到AMs存在显著的性别差异。
