Croft C, O'Connor T G, Keaveney L, Groothues C, Rutter M
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;42(5):649-59.
The current study examined the predictors of parent-child relationship quality and developmental change in a sample of children adopted into the U.K. following severe early privation, and in a comparison sample of nondeprived, within-country adoptees. One hundred and fifty-eight children adopted from Romania and 52 U.K. adoptees were assessed at age 6 years; longitudinal data (age 4 and 6 years) were available on the 110 Romanian adoptees placed into U.K. homes before 24 months of age and all U.K. adoptees. Ratings of parent-child positivity and negativity during a semistructured interaction task were obtained from coders who were blind to the child's background. Results indicated that adoptive parent-child relationship quality was related to duration of deprivation and that cognitive/developmental delay mediated this association. The magnitude of this effect was modest and diminished over time. Longitudinal analyses revealed that positive change in parent-child relationship quality was most marked among children who exhibited cognitive catch-up between assessments. The direction of effects appeared to be primarily child to parent. The findings underscore the need for further research on the long-term impact of early experiences on psychosocial development.
本研究调查了在英国严重早期剥夺后被收养儿童以及非剥夺的国内收养儿童对照样本中亲子关系质量和发展变化的预测因素。对158名来自罗马尼亚的被收养儿童和52名英国被收养儿童在6岁时进行了评估；110名在24个月前被安置到英国家庭的罗马尼亚被收养儿童和所有英国被收养儿童有纵向数据（4岁和6岁）。在一项半结构化互动任务中，由对儿童背景不知情的编码员对亲子关系的积极性和消极性进行评分。结果表明，收养亲子关系质量与剥夺持续时间有关，认知/发育迟缓介导了这种关联。这种影响的程度适中，且随着时间的推移而减弱。纵向分析显示，在评估之间表现出认知追赶的儿童中，亲子关系质量的积极变化最为明显。影响方向似乎主要是从儿童到父母。这些发现强调了进一步研究早期经历对心理社会发展长期影响的必要性。
