Powell R A, Lloyd K R
Department of Mental Health, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Wonford House Hospital, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001 Mar;36(3):158-63. doi: 10.1007/s001270050305.
In recent years there has been a vigorous debate concerning the relationship between violence and mental illness. Psychiatric hospital staff are especially likely to experience violence. 'Detached staff' working in the community appear to be at greatest risk. The present study examines reported aggression towards field-based community mental health researchers (CMHRs). It aimed to investigate the nature and extent of violence experienced by CMHRs, to establish which CMHR characteristics act as precipitators of violent incidents and to identify training needs.
This national survey, conducted between December 1997 and March 1998 at the Department of Mental Health, University of Exeter, used a postal questionnaire circulated among CMHRs working in England, Scotland and Wales.
Whilst this study did not achieve comprehensive coverage of all eligible CMHRs, it indicates that, even allowing for response bias, occupational violence is not uncommon among CMHRs: 51% (n = 33) ever experienced at least one verbally violent incident, 9% (n = 6) a mildly violent incident and 2% (n = 1) a severely violent incident. In the 12 months preceding the study, 45% of CMHRs (n = 29) had experienced at least one verbally violent incident and 8% (n = 5) a mildly violent incident. Male CMHRs are more likely (P < 0.05) to experience violence than their female counterparts.
The findings indicate a need to improve existing safety training, procedures and awareness among this occupational group. Additional comparative research among other community-based groups is, however, required.
近年来，关于暴力与精神疾病之间的关系一直存在激烈的争论。精神病医院工作人员尤其容易遭受暴力。在社区工作的“外勤人员”似乎面临的风险最大。本研究调查了针对实地社区心理健康研究人员（CMHRs）的攻击行为报告。其目的是调查CMHRs所经历暴力的性质和程度，确定哪些CMHRs特征是暴力事件的诱因，并确定培训需求。
这项全国性调查于1997年12月至1998年3月在埃克塞特大学心理健康系进行，通过邮寄问卷的方式在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士工作的CMHRs中进行调查。
虽然本研究没有全面覆盖所有符合条件的CMHRs，但表明即使考虑到回应偏差，职业暴力在CMHRs中也并不罕见：51%（n = 33）曾经历至少一次言语暴力事件，9%（n = 6）经历过轻度暴力事件，2%（n = 1）经历过严重暴力事件。在研究前的12个月里，45%的CMHRs（n = 29）曾经历至少一次言语暴力事件，8%（n = 5）经历过轻度暴力事件。男性CMHRs比女性CMHRs更有可能（P < 0.05）遭受暴力。
研究结果表明，需要改善这一职业群体现有的安全培训、程序和意识。然而，还需要在其他社区群体中进行更多的比较研究。
