Bose B, Srivastava H S
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Feb;39(2):101-10.
Plants adopt various strategies to fulfill their nitrogen nutrition requirement, the most important being the uptake of nitrate from the soil and its subsequent assimilation in to amino acids. The uptake of nitrate is energy dependent and is an active process involving high affinity and low affinity transport systems. The net uptake of the anion depends upon both influx as well as on its passive efflux. When the uptake far exceeds over its assimilation in the plant, there is considerable accumulation of nitrate in the plant parts making them unfit for human and cattle consumption. Various environmental factors affect the uptake and accumulation of nitrate, which along with the genetic component of the plant affecting the net uptake and accumulation of the nitrate, need to be considered and carefully manipulated for effective nitrogen management in the plant, soil and aquatic environment.
植物采用多种策略来满足其氮营养需求，其中最重要的是从土壤中吸收硝酸盐并随后将其同化为氨基酸。硝酸盐的吸收依赖能量，是一个涉及高亲和力和低亲和力转运系统的主动过程。阴离子的净吸收取决于流入以及被动流出。当吸收远远超过其在植物中的同化作用时，植物部分会大量积累硝酸盐，使其不适于人类和牲畜食用。各种环境因素会影响硝酸盐的吸收和积累，在植物、土壤和水生环境中进行有效的氮管理时，需要考虑并谨慎控制这些因素，同时也要考虑影响硝酸盐净吸收和积累的植物遗传成分。
