Nievola Catarina C, Carvalho Camila P, Carvalho Victória, Rodrigues Edson
Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais, Instituto de Botânica SMA/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Instituto Básico de Biociências, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
Temperature (Austin). 2017 Nov 9;4(4):371-405. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1377812. eCollection 2017.
Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that affect plant metabolism. Considering that plants are sessile, their survival depends on the efficient activation of resistance responses to thermal stress. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent work on rapid biochemical and physiological adjustments, herein referred to as those occurring during the first few hours or a few days after the beginning of the change in the ambient temperature. The short-term metabolic modulation after plant exposure to heat and cold, including chilling and freezing, is discussed. Effects on photosynthesis, cell membranes, antioxidant system, production of heat shock proteins and nitric oxide, as well as an overview of signaling events to heat or cold stress are presented. In addition, we also discuss the acclimation process that occurs when the plant acquires resistance to an increase or decrease in temperature, adjusting its homeostasis and steady-state physiology to the new temperatures. Finally, we present studies with tropical plants that aim at elucidating the effects of temperature and the identification of the resilience levels of these plants to the expected climate changes, and which seek the development of techniques for germplasm conservation of endangered species.
温度是影响植物新陈代谢的主要环境因素之一。鉴于植物固着生长，其生存依赖于对热胁迫抗性反应的有效激活。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关快速生化和生理调节的最新研究，这里指的是环境温度开始变化后的最初几个小时或几天内发生的调节。本文讨论了植物暴露于热和冷（包括冷害和冻害）后的短期代谢调节。介绍了对光合作用、细胞膜、抗氧化系统、热休克蛋白和一氧化氮产生的影响，以及热或冷胁迫信号转导事件的概述。此外，我们还讨论了植物获得对温度升高或降低的抗性时发生的驯化过程，即调整其体内平衡和稳态生理以适应新温度。最后，我们介绍了针对热带植物的研究，这些研究旨在阐明温度的影响并确定这些植物对预期气候变化的恢复力水平，以及寻求濒危物种种质资源保护技术的发展。
