Current clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is still an incurable, lethal disease for the vast majority of patients. Myeloablative chemotherapy combined with autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation only partially met the great expectations initially set in its efficacy and is associated with a high level of toxicity. However, the considerable progress in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma led to the development of promising molecular therapies. Numerous immunotherapy-based approaches are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Moreover, remarkable progress has been achieved in gene therapy during the last decade, and the repertoire of gene transfer techniques can be expected to improve continuously. Gene transfer is increasingly applied in biological therapies in multiple myeloma. This article reviews the currently applied clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma and aims to define its perspectives in multimodality treatment of multiple myeloma.