Sorace A
Laboratorio FOS Istituto, Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Environ Manage. 2001 Oct;28(4):547-60. doi: 10.1007/s002670010243.
Urban-agricultural parks could have some advantages to wildlife because of less intensive agricultural procedures, absence of hunting pressure, and reduced human disturbance. In this study, the breeding and wintering bird communities and the small mammal community in an urban-agricultural park of Rome were compared to those of a close urban park and a close agricultural area just outside the city. The aim was to assess the best destination and management of wildlife in natural areas at the urban-rural interface. Richness and diversity of bird communities were higher in the urban-agricultural park. Due to habitat features and probably human disturbances, but not to urbanization, predation, and competition factors, the urban park drastically reduces the abundance of decreasing open-land bird species. Abundance of these species was not significantly different in the urban-agricultural park and in the agricultural area. In the urban-agricultural and urban park, bird and mammal pest species were more abundant than they were in the agricultural area. Regarding decreasing abundance of small mammal species, no significant difference among the study areas was observed. Urban-agricultural park is a better choice than urban park for wildlife. Thus, a higher number of preserved urban natural areas should be devoted to urban-agricultural parks. However, to increase the abundance of open-land species and in general wildlife, a less intensive management of cultivated and pasture patches is necessary.
城市农业公园由于农业活动强度较低、没有狩猎压力以及人为干扰减少，可能对野生动物具有一些优势。在本研究中，将罗马一个城市农业公园中的繁殖鸟类群落、越冬鸟类群落和小型哺乳动物群落与附近的城市公园和城市外围紧邻的农业区域进行了比较。目的是评估城乡交界处自然区域中野生动物的最佳归宿和管理方式。城市农业公园中鸟类群落的丰富度和多样性更高。由于栖息地特征以及可能存在的人为干扰，但并非城市化、捕食和竞争因素，城市公园大幅减少了数量在下降的开阔地鸟类物种的数量。这些物种的数量在城市农业公园和农业区域中没有显著差异。在城市农业公园和城市公园中，鸟类和哺乳动物害虫物种比在农业区域更为丰富。关于小型哺乳动物物种数量的下降，在各研究区域之间未观察到显著差异。对于野生动物而言，城市农业公园是比城市公园更好的选择。因此，应该将更多的城市自然保护区用于建设城市农业公园。然而，为了增加开阔地物种以及总体野生动物的数量，需要对耕地和牧场进行强度较低的管理。
