Yeaman S J, Armstrong J L, Bonavaud S M, Poinasamy D, Pickersgill L, Halse R
School of Biochemistry and Genetics, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2001 Aug;29(Pt 4):537-41. doi: 10.1042/bst0290537.
Glucose uptake into muscle and its subsequent storage as glycogen is a crucial factor in energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This process is stimulated acutely by insulin and is impaired in both insulin-resistant states and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A signalling pathway involving protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 seems certain to have a key role in stimulating glycogen synthesis but other signalling pathways also contribute, including a rapamycin-sensitive pathway stimulated by amino acids. Although glycogen synthesis is one of the classical insulin-regulated pathways, it is also regulated in an insulin-independent manner; for example glycogen synthesis in muscle is stimulated significantly after strenuous exercise, with much of this stimulation being independent of the involvement of insulin. Evidence suggests that glucose and the glycogen content of the muscle have a key role in this stimulation but the molecular mechanism has yet to be fully explained.
葡萄糖进入肌肉并随后以糖原形式储存，是骨骼肌能量稳态的关键因素。这一过程受到胰岛素的急性刺激，在胰岛素抵抗状态和2型糖尿病中均受损。涉及蛋白激酶B和糖原合酶激酶3的信号通路似乎在刺激糖原合成中起关键作用，但其他信号通路也有贡献，包括由氨基酸刺激的雷帕霉素敏感通路。尽管糖原合成是经典的胰岛素调节通路之一，但它也以胰岛素非依赖的方式受到调节；例如，剧烈运动后肌肉中的糖原合成会显著增加，这种刺激大多与胰岛素无关。有证据表明，葡萄糖和肌肉中的糖原含量在这种刺激中起关键作用，但分子机制尚未完全阐明。
