Simůnek J, Hodrová B, Bartonová H, Kopecný J
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 104 00 Prague 10, Czechia.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2001;46(1):76-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02825892.
Chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of different mammals and characterized. All isolates were facultatively anaerobic, long Gram-positive, straight rods resembling Clostridium sp. Only one isolate consisted of Gram-positive ovoid cells. All cultures grew on glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine, galactose, starch, hemicellulose and xylan. Fermentation products were mainly formate, acetate, butyrate and lactate. The isolates were identified as Clostridium sartagoforme (2 species), C. aminovalericum, C. bifermentans and Enterococcus durans (1 isolate of each species). Exocellular fractions of all strains exhibited higher activities of all enzymes than cellular ones. Inductive effects of hemicelluloses, pectin and laminarine on chitinases were demonstrated. High exocellular endochitinase activity was found in cultures grown on chitin. N-Acetylglucosaminidase activity was low with the exception of exocellular fractions of two strains of C. sartagoforme.
从不同哺乳动物的消化道中分离并鉴定了几丁质分解细菌。所有分离菌株均为兼性厌氧菌，革兰氏阳性，呈长直杆状，类似梭菌属。只有一个分离菌株由革兰氏阳性卵形细胞组成。所有培养物均能在葡萄糖、N-乙酰葡糖胺、葡糖胺、半乳糖、淀粉、半纤维素和木聚糖上生长。发酵产物主要为甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丁酸盐和乳酸盐。这些分离菌株被鉴定为萨特戈弗米梭菌（2个种）、氨基戊酸梭菌、双发酵梭菌和耐久肠球菌（每个种各1个分离菌株）。所有菌株的胞外组分比细胞组分表现出更高的所有酶活性。证明了半纤维素、果胶和海带多糖对几丁质酶的诱导作用。在以几丁质为培养基生长的培养物中发现了高胞外内切几丁质酶活性。除了两株萨特戈弗米梭菌的胞外组分外，N-乙酰葡糖胺酶活性较低。
