Monteiro M G
Management of Substance Dependence, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eur Addict Res. 2001 Aug;7(3):98-103. doi: 10.1159/000050727.
Alcohol and illicit drug use has a significant impact on global health. Alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries and countries in transition, leading to an increasing number of health and social problems, both acute and chronic. Illicit drug use is also increasing, particularly injection drug use, followed by an epidemic spread of HIV and other blood-borne infections. Alcohol and illicit drug use are related to key determinants of population health and are also an outcome of poor health. Globalized marketing and trade, and rapid social changes and development in the absence of strong policies and investments in public health have led to an increased availability, use and problems related to alcohol and other substance use. Public health policies and substantial investments in effective prevention and treatment approaches are needed in order to reduce the negative impact of alcohol and other drug use at national and global levels.
酒精和非法药物的使用对全球健康有着重大影响。全球范围内酒精消费量在不断增加，尤其是在发展中国家和转型国家，这导致了越来越多的急性和慢性健康及社会问题。非法药物的使用也在增加，特别是注射吸毒，随之而来的是艾滋病毒和其他血源性感染的流行传播。酒精和非法药物的使用与人群健康的关键决定因素相关，同时也是健康状况不佳的一个结果。全球化的营销和贸易，以及在缺乏强有力的公共卫生政策和投资情况下的快速社会变革与发展，导致了酒精及其他物质使用的可及性增加、使用增多以及相关问题。为了在国家和全球层面减少酒精及其他药物使用的负面影响，需要制定公共卫生政策并对有效的预防和治疗方法进行大量投资。
