Juel K
Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 2001 Aug 6;163(32):4190-5.
The aim of the study was to estimate the national impact of smoking, alcohol, and drugs on mortality.
The analysis was based on the cause of death register. Deaths attributable to smoking were calculated by an indirect method. Deaths related to alcohol and drugs (illegal drugs and prescription drugs) were defined by the underlying and contributory causes of death.
In the period, 1993-1997, 30% of all deaths in men and 20% in women were related to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. The percentages of all deaths for tobacco, alcohol, and drugs were respectively 22.8%, 6.3%, and 1.2% for men and 16.5%, 2.5%, and 0.7% for women. Every year 12,000 Danes die 11-13 years prematurely, because of tobacco, more than 2500 die more than 20 years prematurely, because of alcohol, and about 600 die almost 30 years prematurely, because of drugs. The standardised lifetime risk of death from one of these three causes was about 30% for men, highest in the middle five-year period. For women--because of substantially increased mortality attributable to smoking--there was a large increase from 8% to 20%. In the municipality of Copenhagen, the lifetime risk for men was about 50%, for women it increased from 15% in the middle of the 1970s to more than 30% in the middle of the 1990s. For both men and women, mortality in the age group 35-74 declined sharply, when mortality related to the three causes was excluded. However, the heavy increase in smoking-related deaths in women means that the total mortality over the entire period has been almost constant.
It is a tremendous challenge to change the impact of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs on mortality in Denmark.
本研究旨在评估吸烟、酗酒及吸毒对全国死亡率的影响。
分析基于死亡原因登记册。归因于吸烟的死亡人数通过间接方法计算得出。与酒精及毒品（非法毒品和处方药）相关的死亡由根本死因和辅助死因确定。
在1993年至1997年期间，男性所有死亡病例中的30%以及女性中的20%与烟草、酒精或毒品有关。男性因烟草、酒精和毒品导致的所有死亡病例的百分比分别为22.8%、6.3%和1.2%，女性分别为16.5%、2.5%和0.7%。每年有12000名丹麦人因烟草过早死亡11至13年，超过2500人因酒精过早死亡20多年，约600人因毒品过早死亡近30年。这三种原因之一导致的标准化终身死亡风险男性约为30%，在中间五年期最高。对于女性而言，由于吸烟导致的死亡率大幅上升，该风险从8%大幅升至20%。在哥本哈根市，男性的终身风险约为50%，女性则从20世纪70年代中期的15%升至90年代中期的30%以上。对于男性和女性，排除与这三种原因相关的死亡率后，35至74岁年龄组的死亡率急剧下降。然而，女性中与吸烟相关的死亡人数大幅增加意味着整个时期的总死亡率几乎保持不变。
改变烟草、酒精和毒品对丹麦死亡率的影响是一项巨大挑战。
