Schweinberger S R
Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
Neuropsychologia. 2001;39(9):921-36. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00023-9.
This study investigated repetition priming in the recognition of famous voices, recording reaction times (RTs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). In Experiment 1, a facilitation was found in RTs to famous but not to unfamiliar voices when these had been primed by a different voice sample of the same speaker earlier in the experiment. However, ERPs to both famous and unfamiliar voices showed repetition priming in terms of an increased P2 component, which is thought to be generated in the auditory cortex. When the likelihood of conscious retrieval of primes was reduced in Experiment 2, facilitatory priming in RTs was again observed for famous voices, but inhibitory priming was now observed for unfamiliar voices. This is consistent with predictions of a bias model of priming. Moreover, substantial priming was observed even when voice primes were backward speech samples, which were recognised at chance levels. The results suggests that (a) voice priming is mediated to a large extent by frequency characteristics of a particular voice, rather than by articulatory and other 'sequential' features that are eliminated in backward speech; (b) priming affects the processing of voices in auditory cortical areas within 200 ms after voice onset; and (c) explicit recognition of a voice in the priming phase is not a necessary condition for priming to occur.
本研究通过记录反应时间（RTs）和事件相关脑电位（ERPs），调查了在著名声音识别中的重复启动效应。在实验1中，当在实验早期用同一说话者的不同声音样本对著名声音而非不熟悉声音进行启动时，发现对著名声音的反应时间出现了促进效应。然而，对著名声音和不熟悉声音的ERPs在P2成分增加方面都显示出重复启动效应，P2成分被认为是在听觉皮层产生的。在实验2中，当启动刺激的有意识检索可能性降低时，再次观察到对著名声音的反应时间促进性启动效应，但对不熟悉声音则观察到抑制性启动效应。这与启动偏差模型的预测一致。此外，即使声音启动刺激是反向语音样本，在随机水平上被识别，也观察到了显著的启动效应。结果表明：（a）声音启动效应在很大程度上是由特定声音的频率特征介导的，而不是由反向语音中消除的发音和其他“序列”特征介导的；（b）启动效应在声音开始后200毫秒内影响听觉皮层区域对声音的处理；（c）在启动阶段对声音的明确识别不是启动效应发生的必要条件。
