Riley M A, Santana M V, Turvey M T
Department of Psychology, ML 376, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
Hum Mov Sci. 2001 Jun;20(3):343-69. doi: 10.1016/s0167-9457(01)00051-3.
We examined the effects of crossing different degrees of cooperation and competition on inphase and antiphase 1:1 frequency locked coordination of left- and right-hand-oscillated pendulums. Degree of cooperation was manipulated through the joint frequency of oscillation specified by a metronome (the higher the frequency, the weaker the cooperation), and degree of competition by length (and, therefore, preferred frequency) differences between the two pendulums (the greater the difference, the stronger the competition). Increasing competition was accompanied by either decreasing cooperation (for six participants) or increasing cooperation (for six different participants). On each trial, a participant attempted to produce a steady-state phase relation phi for a given combination of competition and cooperation. Numerical simulations of the extended Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) equation were used to predict (a) the patterns of shift in phi from either 0 or pi radians due to the different competition-cooperation relations and (b) the patterns of variability in phi. It was expected that the HKB equation would be successful in respect to (a), which it was, but not in respect to (b). The observed failure to confirm (b) was expected from the variability due to the different nonharmonic dynamics of the component oscillators, a source of variability not included in the HKB equation. The experimental results together with simulations and analyses of the phase-plane trajectories of the component oscillators suggest the operation of deterministic in addition to stochastic variability in the phase relation of contralateral limbs.
我们研究了交叉不同程度的合作与竞争对左右摆动摆锤同相和反相1:1频率锁定协调的影响。合作程度通过节拍器指定的联合振荡频率来操纵（频率越高，合作越弱），竞争程度通过两个摆锤之间的长度（以及因此的偏好频率）差异来操纵（差异越大，竞争越强）。竞争增加伴随着合作减少（对于六名参与者）或合作增加（对于另外六名不同的参与者）。在每次试验中，参与者试图为给定的竞争与合作组合产生一个稳态相位关系φ。扩展的哈肯 - 凯尔索 - 布恩兹（HKB）方程的数值模拟用于预测（a）由于不同的竞争 - 合作关系导致的φ从0或π弧度的偏移模式，以及（b）φ的变异性模式。预计HKB方程在（a）方面会成功，实际也是如此，但在（b）方面则不然。由于组成振荡器的不同非谐波动力学导致的变异性，预计会出现无法证实（b）的情况，这是HKB方程未包含的变异性来源。实验结果以及对组成振荡器相平面轨迹的模拟和分析表明，除了随机变异性之外，对侧肢体相位关系中还存在确定性变异性。
