Velichkovskiĭ B T
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2001(6):45-52.
Analyzing his own findings and the data available in the literature, the author has found that free radicals are a connecting link in the development of early and prolonged adaptation. With rapid adaptation, they make a weighty contribution to the body's bactericidal protection and antimicrobial constitutional immunity. This role is mainly played by the oxygen-dependent phagocytic bactericidal system that generates active oxygen forms and by the inducible arginine-dependent connective tissue cell system that synthesizes nitrogen oxide. While performing, the above enzymatic systems spend their cell energy resources on two concurrent processes: the formation of free radical products and the work of ionic pumps that restore an intracellular ionic and osmotic balance. This causes the accelerated expenditure of the body's energy "currency" ATP and the development of energy deficiency in the cells and tissues. Energy shortage serves as a signal for triggering the cellular genetic apparatus to primarily induce the increased development of the cell energy system, namely that of mitochondria, and the activation of the key systems responsible for steady-state long-term individual adaptation of the immune system, antioxidative protection, etc. It has been now ascertained that there is a common pathogenetic link (excessive production of free radicals) in the mechanism responsible for the influence of not only infections on the body, but other environmental factors (fibrogenic dust, ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, cooling, toxic agents oxidized on cytochrome P-450, hypoxia, hyperoxia, etc.) and vital functions (physical overstrain, emotional stress, informational overload, etc.). The above factors all cause the same metabolic change in different ways: the production of higher quantities of active oxygen forms, nitrogen oxide, and other radical products. So the generation of free radicals is an universal connecting link of early and prolonged adaptation. The fact that there is a common link (the excessive production of radicals) in the mechanism of influence of environmental factors and vital activities makes the most important biological reserve (cross adaptation that lies in higher resistance to the whole complex of active influences at adaptation to one of them) serve as a preventive means. The most rapid increase in the production of free radicals and the development of energy-rich products are achieved by hypoxia. So the adaptive and preventive effect of dosage hypoxia are the most pronounced.
通过分析自己的研究结果以及文献中的现有数据，作者发现自由基是早期和长期适应过程中的一个连接环节。在快速适应过程中，它们对机体的杀菌保护和抗菌固有免疫有重要贡献。这一作用主要由产生活性氧形式的氧依赖性吞噬杀菌系统以及合成一氧化氮的诱导型精氨酸依赖性结缔组织细胞系统发挥。在发挥作用时，上述酶系统将细胞能量资源用于两个并行过程：自由基产物的形成以及恢复细胞内离子和渗透平衡的离子泵的工作。这导致机体能量“货币”ATP加速消耗，细胞和组织中出现能量不足。能量短缺作为一个信号，触发细胞遗传机制，主要诱导细胞能量系统（即线粒体）的进一步发展，以及激活负责免疫系统稳态长期个体适应、抗氧化保护等关键系统。现已确定，在不仅感染对机体产生影响的机制中，而且在其他环境因素（致纤维化粉尘、电离或紫外线辐射、寒冷、细胞色素P - 450氧化的有毒物质、缺氧、高氧等）和生命活动（体力过度劳累、情绪压力、信息过载等）的影响机制中，存在一个共同的发病机制环节（自由基过度产生）。上述因素均以不同方式导致相同的代谢变化：产生更多数量的活性氧形式、一氧化氮和其他自由基产物。因此，自由基的产生是早期和长期适应的普遍连接环节。环境因素和生命活动影响机制中存在共同环节（自由基过度产生）这一事实，使得最重要的生物储备（交叉适应，即在适应其中一种因素时对整个活性影响复合体具有更高抗性）成为一种预防手段。缺氧能实现自由基产生的最快增加和富含能量产物的发展。因此，剂量性缺氧的适应性和预防作用最为显著。
