Mayer F, von Helversen O
Institute of Zoology II, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Sep 7;268(1478):1825-32. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1744.
Different species of bat can be morphologically very similar. In order to estimate the amount of cryptic diversity among European bats we screened the intra- and interspecific genetic variation in 26 European vespertilionid bat species. We sequenced the DNA of subunit 1 of the mitochondrial protein NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) from several individuals of a species, which were sampled in a variety of geographical regions. A phylogeny based on the mitochondrial (mt) DNA data is in good agreement with the current classification in the family. Highly divergent mitochondrial lineages were found in two taxa, which differed in at least 11% of their ND1 sequence. The two mtDNA lineages in Plecotus austriacus correlated with the two subspecies Plecotus austriacus austriacus and Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici. The two mtDNA lineages in Myotis mystacinus were partitioned among two morphotypes. The evidence for two new bat species within Europe is discussed. Convergent adaptive evolution might have contributed to the morphological similarity among distantly related species if they occupy similar ecological niches. Closely related species may differ in their ecology but not necessarily in their morphology. On the other hand, two morphologically clearly different species (Eptesicus serotinus and Eptesicus nilssonii) were found to be genetically very similar. Neither morphological nor mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis alone can be guaranteed to identify species.
不同种类的蝙蝠在形态上可能非常相似。为了估计欧洲蝙蝠中隐秘多样性的数量，我们筛选了26种欧洲蝙蝠科蝙蝠的种内和种间遗传变异。我们对来自一个物种的多个个体的线粒体蛋白烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（ND1）亚基1的DNA进行了测序，这些个体采自不同的地理区域。基于线粒体（mt）DNA数据的系统发育与该科目前的分类非常一致。在两个分类单元中发现了高度分化的线粒体谱系，它们的ND1序列至少有11%的差异。奥地利鼠耳蝠的两个线粒体谱系与奥地利鼠耳蝠指名亚种和科洛姆巴托维奇奥地利鼠耳蝠这两个亚种相关。长耳蝠的两个线粒体谱系分布在两种形态类型之间。本文讨论了欧洲境内两种新蝙蝠物种的证据。如果亲缘关系较远的物种占据相似的生态位，趋同适应性进化可能导致了它们形态上的相似性。亲缘关系密切的物种在生态上可能存在差异，但在形态上不一定如此。另一方面，发现两种形态明显不同的物种（棕蝠和纳氏鼠耳蝠）在基因上非常相似。仅靠形态学或线粒体DNA序列分析都不能保证识别物种。
