Ruedi Manuel, Walter Simon, Fischer Martin C, Scaravelli Dino, Excoffier Laurent, Heckel Gerald
Natural History Museum of Geneva, PO Box, 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland.
Mol Ecol. 2008 Apr;17(7):1801-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03702.x. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
The distribution of biota from the temperate regions changed considerably during the climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary. This is especially true for many bat species that depend on warm roosts to install their nursery colonies. Surveys of genetic variation among European bats have shown that the southern peninsulas (Iberia and the Balkans) harbour endemic diversity, but to date, no such surveys have been conducted in the third potential glacial refuge area, the Apennine peninsula. We report here the phylogeographical analysis of 115 greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) sampled throughout Italy, and show that 15 of the 18 different haplotypes found in the mitochondrial control region of these bats were unique to the Apennine peninsula. Colonies within this region also showed substantial genetic structure at both mitochondrial (Phi(ST) = 0.47, P < 0.001) and nuclear markers (F(ST) = 0.039, P < 0.001). Based on a comprehensive survey of 575 bats from Europe, these genetic markers further indicate that central Italian populations of M. myotis are more closely related to Greek samples from across the Adriatic Sea, than to other Italian bats. Mouse-eared bat populations from the Apennine peninsula thus represent a complex mixture of several endemic lineages, which evolved in situ, with others that colonized this region more recently along an Adriatic route. Our broad survey also confirms that the Alps represent a relatively impermeable barrier to gene flow for Apennine lineages, even for vagile animals such as bats. These results underline the conservation value of bats from this region and the need to include the Apennine peninsula in phylogeographical surveys in order to provide a more accurate view of the evolution of bats in Europe.
在第四纪的气候波动期间，温带地区生物群的分布发生了相当大的变化。对于许多依赖温暖栖息地来建立育幼群体的蝙蝠物种来说尤其如此。对欧洲蝙蝠遗传变异的调查表明，南部半岛（伊比利亚半岛和巴尔干半岛）拥有特有多样性，但迄今为止，尚未在第三个潜在的冰川避难区亚平宁半岛进行此类调查。我们在此报告对整个意大利采集的115只大鼠耳蝠（Myotis myotis）的系统地理学分析，结果显示，在这些蝙蝠线粒体控制区发现的18种不同单倍型中，有15种是亚平宁半岛特有的。该区域内的群体在线粒体（Phi(ST) = 0.47，P < 0.001）和核标记（F(ST) = 0.039，P < 0.001）上也表现出显著的遗传结构。基于对来自欧洲的575只蝙蝠的全面调查，这些遗传标记进一步表明，意大利中部的大鼠耳蝠种群与亚得里亚海对岸的希腊样本的亲缘关系，比与其他意大利蝙蝠的亲缘关系更近。因此，亚平宁半岛的鼠耳蝠种群代表了几个原地进化的特有谱系与其他最近沿亚得里亚海路线殖民该地区的谱系的复杂混合。我们的广泛调查还证实，阿尔卑斯山对亚平宁半岛谱系的基因流动来说是一个相对不可渗透的屏障，即使对于像蝙蝠这样善于迁徙的动物也是如此。这些结果强调了该地区蝙蝠的保护价值，以及将亚平宁半岛纳入系统地理学调查的必要性，以便更准确地了解欧洲蝙蝠的进化情况。
