Williams J K, Anthony M S, Herrington D M
Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, The Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA.
Menopause. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):307-13. doi: 10.1097/00042192-200109000-00003.
Results of recent clinical trials indicate that mammalian estrogens may be less effective in reducing coronary heart disease risk than once thought. This study was designed to determine whether mammalian estrogen's coronary artery dilator benefits could be enhanced by adding soy with phytoestrogens.
Forty-five atherosclerotic, ovariectomized monkeys were fed one of four diets: (1) atherogenic diet with casein/lactalbumin as source of protein (Casein, n = 12); (2) casein diet with micronized estradiol equivalent to a woman's dose of 1 mg/day (Casein + E2, n = 12); (3) atherogenic diet with soy protein with phytoestrogens (129 mg woman/day equivalent) (Soy, n = 11); and (4) the soy diet plus estradiol (Soy + E2, n = 10).
Quantitative angiography and intravascular Doppler were done after 6 months of experimental diet to measure changes in diameter and coronary flow reserve in the circumflex coronary artery in response to intracoronary acetylcholine and nitroglycerin.
Arteries from the E2 and Soy + E2 groups dilated in response to acetylcholine 5 +/- 3% and 12 +/- 5%, respectively (p < 0.05 vs. Casein). There was an interactive effect of soy and E2 on dilator response to acetylcholine (p < 0.05). Flow reserve was greatest in animals fed casein + E2 and soy + E2 (2.3 +/- 0.3 and 2.6 +/- 0.5, respectively; p < 0.05 vs. Casein). Soy protein alone had no effect on coronary artery reactivity (p > 0.05).
Soy protein itself does not affect coronary artery dilator responses but interacts with estradiol to promote dilator responses to acetylcholine.
近期临床试验结果表明，哺乳动物雌激素在降低冠心病风险方面可能不如以往认为的那么有效。本研究旨在确定添加含植物雌激素的大豆是否能增强哺乳动物雌激素对冠状动脉的扩张益处。
45只患动脉粥样硬化的去卵巢猴子被喂食四种饮食之一：（1）以酪蛋白/乳白蛋白为蛋白质来源的致动脉粥样化饮食（酪蛋白组，n = 12）；（2）含微粉化雌二醇的酪蛋白饮食，剂量相当于女性每日1毫克（酪蛋白 + 雌二醇组，n = 12）；（3）含植物雌激素的大豆蛋白的致动脉粥样化饮食（相当于女性每日129毫克）（大豆组，n = 11）；以及（4）大豆饮食加雌二醇（大豆 + 雌二醇组，n = 10）。
实验饮食6个月后进行定量血管造影和血管内多普勒检查，以测量左旋冠状动脉内径和冠状动脉血流储备对冠状动脉内注射乙酰胆碱和硝酸甘油的反应变化。
雌二醇组和大豆 + 雌二醇组的动脉对乙酰胆碱的扩张反应分别为5±3% 和12±5%（与酪蛋白组相比，p < 0.05）。大豆和雌二醇对乙酰胆碱扩张反应存在交互作用（p < 0.05）。酪蛋白 + 雌二醇组和大豆 + 雌二醇组动物的血流储备最大（分别为2.3±0.3和2.6±0.5；与酪蛋白组相比，p < 0.05）。单独的大豆蛋白对冠状动脉反应性无影响（p > 0.05）。
大豆蛋白本身不影响冠状动脉扩张反应，但与雌二醇相互作用可促进对乙酰胆碱的扩张反应。
