Bondeson J
Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London, England.
J Pediatr Surg. 2001 Sep;36(9):1435-44. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2001.26393.
Dicephalus conjoined twins (2 heads on 1 body) form a distinct subgroup. They are often stillborn because of cardiopulmonary malformations. This article describes 17 historical cases with particular emphasis on viability. There are reliable reports of unseparated dicephali reaching maturity; 1 pair (the Tocci brothers) reached at least 34 years of age. In the absence of concomitant cardiac, pulmonary, and intestinal malformations, dicephalus conjoined twins may well attain adulthood. This appears to be unrelated to whether they have 4 (dicephalus tetrabrachius) or 3 (dicephalus tribrachius) arms at birth.
双头联体双胞胎（一个身体上有两个头）构成一个独特的亚组。由于心肺畸形，他们常常死产。本文描述了17例历史病例，特别强调了存活情况。有可靠报告称未分离的双头联体双胞胎活到了成年；一对（托奇兄弟）至少活到了34岁。在没有合并心脏、肺部和肠道畸形的情况下，双头联体双胞胎很可能活到成年。这似乎与他们出生时是有4条手臂（双头四臂联体）还是3条手臂（双头三臂联体）无关。
