Ricard G L
Wilmington, Delaware, USA.
Hum Factors. 1995 Sep;37(3):652-8. doi: 10.1518/001872095779049363.
The difficulty of mastering a two-axis, compensatory, manual control task was manipulated by introducing transport delays into the feedback loop of the controlled element. Realistic aircraft dynamics were used. Subjects' display was a simulation of an "inside-out" artificial horizon instrument perturbed by atmospheric turbulence. The task was to maintain straight and level flight, and delays tested were representative of those found in current training simulators. Delay compensations in the form of first-order lead and first-order lead/lag transfer functions, along with an uncompensated condition, were factorially combined with added delays. Subjects were required to meet a relatively strict criterion for performance. Control activity showed no differences during criterion performance, but the trials needed to achieve the criterion were linearly related to the magnitude of the delay and the compensation condition. These data were collected in the context of aircraft attitude control, but the results can be applied to the simulation of other vehicles, to remote manipulation, and to maneuvering in graphical environments.
通过在受控元件的反馈回路中引入传输延迟，来操控掌握双轴补偿手动控制任务的难度。采用了逼真的飞机动力学模型。受试者的显示器是对受大气湍流干扰的“由内向外”人工地平仪的模拟。任务是保持直线平飞，所测试的延迟代表了当前训练模拟器中发现的延迟情况。一阶超前和一阶超前/滞后传递函数形式的延迟补偿，以及无补偿条件，与增加的延迟进行了析因组合。要求受试者达到相对严格的性能标准。在标准性能期间，控制活动没有差异，但达到标准所需的试验次数与延迟大小和补偿条件呈线性相关。这些数据是在飞机姿态控制的背景下收集的，但结果可应用于其他车辆的模拟、远程操纵以及图形环境中的机动操作。
