Dons R F, Fohlmeister U
Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center/SGHMME, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1992;12(2-3):157-63. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(92)90103-5.
The risk of combined injury (CI) to space travelers is a function of exposure to anomalously large surges of a broad spectrum of particulate and photon radiations, conventional trauma (T), and effects of weightlessness including decreased intravascular fluid volume, and myocardial deconditioning. CI may occur even at relatively low doses of radiation which can synergistically enhance morbidity and mortality from T. Without effective countermeasures, prolonged residence in space is expected to predispose most individuals to bone fractures as a result of calcium loss in the microgravity environment. Immune dysfunction may occur from residence in space independent of radiation exposure. Thus, wound healing would be compromised if infection were to occur. Survival of the space traveler with CI would be significantly compromised if there were delays in wound closure or in the application of simple supportive medical or surgical therapies. Particulate radiation has the potential for causing greater gastrointestinal injury than photon radiation, but bone healing should not be compromised at the expected doses of either type of radiation in space.
太空旅行者遭受复合伤（CI）的风险是多种因素共同作用的结果，这些因素包括暴露于异常大量的广谱微粒和光子辐射、传统创伤（T）以及失重的影响，如血管内液量减少和心肌失健。即使在相对低剂量的辐射下也可能发生复合伤，这种辐射会协同增强传统创伤导致的发病率和死亡率。如果没有有效的应对措施，预计在太空中长期停留会使大多数人因微重力环境下的钙流失而容易发生骨折。在太空中停留可能会导致免疫功能紊乱，且与辐射暴露无关。因此，如果发生感染，伤口愈合将会受到影响。如果伤口闭合延迟或在应用简单的支持性医疗或手术治疗方面出现延误，复合伤太空旅行者的生存将会受到严重影响。微粒辐射比光子辐射更有可能造成更严重的胃肠道损伤，但在太空中预期的任何一种辐射剂量下，骨愈合都不应受到影响。
