Curtis S B, Atwell W, Beever R, Hardy A
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1986;6(11):269-74. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90302-9.
In order to make an assessment of radiation risk during manned missions in space, it is necessary first to have as accurate an estimation as possible of the radiation environment within the spacecraft to which the astronauts will be exposed. Then, with this knowledge and the inclusion of body self-shielding, estimations can be made of absorbed doses for various body organs (skin, eye, blood-forming organs, etc.). A review is presented of our present knowledge of the radiation environments and absorbed doses expected for several space mission scenarios selected for our development of the new radiation protection guidelines. The scenarios selected are a 90-day mission at an altitude (450 km) and orbital inclinations (28.5 degrees, 57 degrees and 90 degrees) appropriate for NASA's Space Station, a 15-day sortie to geosynchronous orbit and a 90-day lunar mission. All scenarios chosen yielded dose equivalents between five and ten rem to the blood forming organs if no large solar particle event were encountered. Such particle events could add considerable exposure particularly to the skin and eye for all scenarios except the one at 28.5 degrees orbital inclination.
为了评估载人航天任务期间的辐射风险，首先必须尽可能准确地估计宇航员将暴露于其中的航天器内的辐射环境。然后，结合这些信息并考虑身体自身屏蔽因素，就可以估算出各个身体器官（皮肤、眼睛、造血器官等）的吸收剂量。本文综述了我们目前对几种太空任务场景下辐射环境和预期吸收剂量的了解，这些场景是为制定新的辐射防护指南而挑选的。所选场景包括在适合美国国家航空航天局空间站的高度（450公里）和轨道倾角（28.5度、57度和90度）执行的90天任务、前往地球同步轨道的15天短期飞行任务以及90天的月球任务。如果没有遇到大型太阳粒子事件，所有选定场景下造血器官的剂量当量均在5至10雷姆之间。对于除轨道倾角为28.5度的场景外的所有其他场景，此类粒子事件可能会增加相当大的辐射暴露，尤其是对皮肤和眼睛的辐射。
