Wood D H, Yochmowitz M G, Hardy K A, Salmon Y L
Radiation Sciences Division, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5301.
Adv Space Res. 1986;6(11):275-83. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90303-0.
The U.S. Air Force study of the delayed effects of single, total body exposures to simulated space radiation in rhesus monkeys is now in its 21st year. Observations on 301 irradiated and 57 age-matched control animals indicate that life expectancy loss from exposure to protons in the energy range encountered in the Van Allen belts and solar proton events can be expressed as a logarithmic function of the dose. The primary causes of life shortening are cancer and endometriosis (an abnormal proliferation of the lining of the uterus in females). Life shortening estimates permit comparison of the risk associated with space radiation exposures to be compared with that of other occupational and environmental hazards, thereby facilitating risk/benefit decisions in the planning and operational phases of manned space missions. Calculations of the relative risk of fatal cancers in the irradiated subjects reveal that the total body surface dose required to double the risk of death from cancer over a 20-year post exposure period varies with the linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation. The ability to determine the integrated dose and LET spectrum in space radiation exposures of humans is, therefore, critical to the assessment of lifetime cancer risk.
美国空军对恒河猴单次全身暴露于模拟空间辐射的延迟效应的研究已进入第21个年头。对301只受辐照动物和57只年龄匹配的对照动物的观察表明，暴露于范艾伦带和太阳质子事件中所遇到能量范围内的质子导致的预期寿命损失，可以表示为剂量的对数函数。寿命缩短的主要原因是癌症和子宫内膜异位症（女性子宫内膜的异常增殖）。寿命缩短估计值使得能够将与空间辐射暴露相关的风险与其他职业和环境危害的风险进行比较，从而有助于在载人航天任务的规划和运行阶段做出风险/收益决策。对受辐照受试者致命癌症相对风险的计算表明，在暴露后20年期间使癌症死亡风险加倍所需的全身表面剂量随辐射的线能量转移（LET）而变化。因此，确定人类空间辐射暴露中的积分剂量和LET谱的能力对于评估终身癌症风险至关重要。
