Santy P A
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
J Spacecr Rockets. 1990 Sep-Oct;27(5):482-5. doi: 10.2514/3.26169.
The scheduling of crew rotations for up to 180 days on Space Station Freedom presents a special challenge for behavioral scientists who are tasked with providing psychological support for the crews, their families, and mission flight controllers. Preflight psychological support planning may minimize the negative impact of psychological and social issues on mission success, as well as assist NASA management in making real-time mission planning decisions in the event of a significant social event (for example, the death of a family member). During flight, the combined psychological, emotional, and social stressors on the astronauts must be monitored, along with other aspects of their health. The Health Maintenance Facility (HMF) will have the capability of providing preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic assistance for significant psychiatric and interpersonal problems which may develop. Psychological support will not end with the termination of the mission. Mental health professionals must be part of the team of medical personnel whose job will be to facilitate the transition--physical and mental--from the space environment back to planet Earth. This paper reviews each phase of mission planning for Space Station Freedom and specifies those factors that may be critical for psychological health maintenance on extended-duration space missions.
为“自由号”空间站安排长达180天的船员轮值，这对行为科学家来说是一项特殊挑战，他们的任务是为船员、其家人以及任务飞行控制人员提供心理支持。飞行前的心理支持规划可以将心理和社会问题对任务成功的负面影响降至最低，同时在发生重大社会事件（例如家庭成员死亡）时，协助美国国家航空航天局管理层做出实时任务规划决策。在飞行期间，必须监测宇航员所面临的综合心理、情感和社会压力源以及他们健康状况的其他方面。健康维护设施（HMF）将有能力为可能出现的重大精神和人际问题提供预防、诊断和治疗援助。心理支持不会随着任务的结束而终止。心理健康专业人员必须成为医疗团队的一部分，其工作将是促进从太空环境到地球的身心过渡。本文回顾了“自由号”空间站任务规划的每个阶段，并明确了那些对长期太空任务中心理健康维护可能至关重要的因素。
