Yeates D B, Mussatto D J, Hameister W M, Daza A, Chandra T, Wong L B
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):513-22. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109s4513.
We examine the respiratory, bronchomotor, cardiac, and vascular responses to histamine and ragweed allergen delivered to the bronchi or alveoli compartments and the potential role of sensory nerves and reflexes mediating the histamine-induced responses. The masses of aerosols deposited in the bronchi and alveoli were quantitated using radioaerosol techniques. Activation of sensory nerves and/or histamine-induced mediator release were characterized by depositing nedocromil sodium aerosol prior to histamine challenge. The histamine-induced responses due to vagosympathetic transmission were determined by performing bilateral vagotomy. Both histamine and ragweed increased respiratory rate, ventilation, and bronchomotor tone whether deposited in the bronchial or alveolar regions. However, these responses were not elicited when histamine was administered intravenously. Precipitous allergen-induced decreases in heart rate and systolic and diastolic pressure were maximal 72 sec following ragweed deposition in alveolar regions of the lungs. Increases in respiratory rate were mediated via the vagus whether delivered to the bronchi, alveoli, or vasculature. Histamine-induced increases in respiratory rate and bronchomotor tone were attenuated by nedocromil. When histamine was delivered to the alveolar regions, increases in lung resistance appeared to be mediated primarily via the vagus and when delivered to the bronchial airways primarily by its action on smooth muscle or local reflexes. Histamine-induced hypotension and bradycardia appear to be mediated by the direct action of histamine on the cardiovascular system rather than through a vagally mediated reflex.
我们研究了将组胺和豚草过敏原递送至支气管或肺泡腔室后，机体的呼吸、支气管运动、心脏及血管反应，以及感觉神经和反射在介导组胺诱导反应中的潜在作用。使用放射性气溶胶技术对沉积在支气管和肺泡中的气溶胶质量进行定量。通过在组胺激发前沉积奈多罗米钠气溶胶来表征感觉神经的激活和/或组胺诱导的介质释放。通过双侧迷走神经切断术来确定由迷走交感神经传递引起的组胺诱导反应。组胺和豚草均可增加呼吸频率、通气量和支气管运动张力，无论其沉积在支气管区域还是肺泡区域。然而，静脉注射组胺时不会引发这些反应。豚草沉积在肺泡区域后72秒，过敏原诱导的心率、收缩压和舒张压急剧下降达到最大值。无论递送至支气管、肺泡还是脉管系统，呼吸频率的增加均通过迷走神经介导。奈多罗米可减弱组胺诱导的呼吸频率增加和支气管运动张力增加。当组胺递送至肺泡区域时，肺阻力的增加似乎主要通过迷走神经介导；而当递送至支气管气道时，主要是通过其对平滑肌的作用或局部反射介导。组胺诱导的低血压和心动过缓似乎是由组胺对心血管系统的直接作用介导的，而非通过迷走神经介导的反射。
