Grodnitskiĭ D L
Sukachev Institute of Forest Reseach, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Zh Obshch Biol. 2001 Mar-Apr;62(2):99-109.
There are two evolutionary theories in current biology--"modern synthesis" and "epigenetic theory". The first one is based on the assumption of hard correspondence between phenotypes and genotypes. For this reason the theory of modern synthesis is principally incompatible with developmental biology. In contrast, the epigenetic theory considers evolution as a process of environmentally controlled transformation of ontogeny. It is compatible with observed embryological regularities and used as a basis for wider evolutionary synthesis combining both Darwinian and Lamarckian mechanisms. Individual developmental system can generate only a constrained number of morphologic states. This circumstance is a nomogenetic component of the epigenetic theory: the same morphosis simultaneously appears in a number of individuals in response to environmental influence. Since the initial phenotypic change occurs to be not random, a meeting of a female and a male with the same morphosis is an event of sufficiently high probability. The nomogenetic component allows to get over the famous argument of F. Jenkin--a problem that is still difficult to explain in terms of the theory of modern synthesis.
当前生物学中有两种进化理论——“现代综合论”和“表观遗传学理论”。前者基于表型与基因型之间存在严格对应关系的假设。因此，现代综合论与发育生物学在本质上是不相容的。相比之下，表观遗传学理论将进化视为个体发育受环境控制的转变过程。它与观察到的胚胎学规律相符，并被用作结合达尔文和拉马克机制进行更广泛进化综合的基础。个体发育系统只能产生有限数量的形态状态。这种情况是表观遗传学理论的非生源论组成部分：在环境影响下，相同的形态变化会同时出现在许多个体中。由于最初的表型变化并非随机发生，具有相同形态变化的雌雄个体相遇是一个概率相当高的事件。非生源论组成部分使得能够克服F. 詹金的著名论点——这是一个用现代综合论仍然难以解释的问题。
