Koyuncu I, Yazgan M
Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Turkey.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2001;36(7):1321-33. doi: 10.1081/ese-100104881.
Nanofiltration (NF) (TFC-S) and reverse osmosis (RO) (TFC-HR) membranes were evaluated for the treatment of salty and polluted Kucukcekmece Lake used as a drinking water reservoir for the Istanbul City. A thin film composite type of spiral wound membrane (2 m2 area) was used. Experiments were conducted at different pressures, pH ranges and temperatures. Flowrate was about 300 l/h. The flux decreased with increasing pH. Highest rejections were obtained for all anionic and cationic ions in the pH range of 6.0-8.5. Several permeation runs were carried out for the pressure range of 6-12 bar for TFC-S and TFC-HR membranes. According to the Spiegler-Kedem model, the permeate flux (Jv) is linearly related to the applied hydraulic pressure (deltaP). Lp values were calculated by linear regression. Salt rejection was seen to increase with the increasing of operating pressure due to increase of solvent flux. Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Cl- and SO4(-2) rejections and z1 and z2 constants have been determined and z values of cations were in the order of zMg > zCa > zNa and similarly those of anions were in the order of zSO4 > zCl. The Spiegler-Kedem model was able to correlate well the experimental data by fitting different best values of P and sigma, respectively for all ions. Best fit values of P and sigma were obtained by regression of the data according to the model.
对用于伊斯坦布尔市饮用水源的咸水且受污染的库库克切克梅杰湖进行处理时，评估了纳滤（NF）（TFC - S）和反渗透（RO）（TFC - HR）膜。使用了一种面积为2平方米的复合薄膜卷式膜。实验在不同压力、pH范围和温度下进行。流速约为300升/小时。通量随pH升高而降低。在pH值6.0 - 8.5范围内，所有阴离子和阳离子的截留率最高。对TFC - S和TFC - HR膜在6 - 12巴的压力范围内进行了多次渗透运行。根据斯皮格勒 - 凯德姆模型，渗透通量（Jv）与施加的液压（ΔP）呈线性关系。通过线性回归计算Lp值。由于溶剂通量增加，盐截留率随操作压力升高而增加。已确定了Na +、Mg +2、Ca +2、Cl - 和SO4(-2)的截留率以及z1和z2常数，阳离子的z值顺序为zMg > zCa > zNa，阴离子的z值顺序为zSO4 > zCl。斯皮格勒 - 凯德姆模型能够通过分别拟合所有离子的不同最佳P值和σ值，很好地关联实验数据。根据该模型对数据进行回归，得到了P和σ的最佳拟合值。
