Stålhammar D
Acta Neurol Scand. 1975 Jul;52(1):7-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1975.tb02824.x.
The significance of the intracranial acceleration pressure pattern at impact to the intact skull in production of brain damage is discussed particularly as regards the contre-coup pressures. Sudden pressure changes within the cranial cavity of the rabbit were studied by means of a new impact acceleration model. The rabbit skull was connected with a cylinder. Impact acceleration was applied to the model with the skull contents serving as a "contre-coup end". Skull deformation was minimized by reinforcement of the skull vault. Acceleration, velocity and displacement of the system were recorded at various sites and could be predicted within wide ranges. Simultaneous recordings were also made of the pressure changes in the skull cavity and cylinder contents. By adjusting the acceleration course and by introducing a quantified air bubble 050, 100, 150 mm3) at the impact of the cylinder, it was possible to produce and vary an intracranial pressure pattern of "contre-coup type", including predictable subatmospheric transients. The mechanics of the intracranial pressure changes and displacements are discussed. The method seems to be suitable for studying the relations between brief negative-positive pressure variations (about 5 ms) of "contre-coup type" and pathological alterations similar to those reported in other head injury models and in human head trauma.
讨论了撞击完整颅骨时颅内加速度压力模式在造成脑损伤方面的意义，尤其涉及对冲压力。通过一种新的撞击加速度模型研究了兔颅腔内的突然压力变化。兔颅骨与一个圆柱体相连。以颅骨内容物作为“对冲端”对模型施加撞击加速度。通过加固颅顶使颅骨变形最小化。在不同部位记录了系统的加速度、速度和位移，并且在很大范围内可以预测。还同时记录了颅腔和圆柱体内的压力变化。通过调整加速度过程以及在圆柱体撞击时引入定量气泡（0.50、1.00、1.50立方毫米），有可能产生并改变“对冲型”颅内压力模式，包括可预测的低于大气压的瞬变情况。讨论了颅内压力变化和位移的力学原理。该方法似乎适用于研究“对冲型”短暂正负压力变化（约5毫秒）与其他头部损伤模型及人类头部创伤中所报道的类似病理改变之间的关系。
