Jalling B
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1975 May;64(3):514-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1975.tb03873.x.
The plasma concentration of phenobarbital given as anticonvulsive treatment in the newborn period has been followed in 18 infants. With constant daily doses, the drug accummulated for at least 5 days. After intramuscular injection of a single dose, 90% of the peak concentration was reached within 4 hours in 8 of the 10 infants. The peak concentration (in mug/ml) approximately equalled 1.3 x the dose (in mg/kg). Absorption after oral administration was less reliable. In 12 of the infants the clinical course allowed attempts to evaluate the anticonvulsive effect of phenobarbital. In 4 cases the convulsions continued. In those 8 infants where phenobarbital seemed to be effective, the approximate range of phenobarbital concentration when convulsions ceased was 12-30 mug/ml. Phenobarbital half-life ranged between 59 and 182 hours. In some infants the rate of phenobarbital disappearance from the plasma varied considerably from day to day. The pathological conditions causing seizures probably influence the distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. For the often seriously ill infants with convulsions it is therefore difficult to construct rational maintenance dose schedules, and optimal dosage must be based on repeated determinations of the plasma concentration.
对18名接受抗惊厥治疗的新生儿的苯巴比妥血浆浓度进行了跟踪监测。给予恒定的日剂量时，药物会蓄积至少5天。10名婴儿中有8名在肌肉注射单剂量后4小时内达到峰值浓度的90%。峰值浓度（微克/毫升）约等于1.3乘以剂量（毫克/千克）。口服给药后的吸收不太可靠。12名婴儿的临床病程允许尝试评估苯巴比妥的抗惊厥效果。4例惊厥持续。在苯巴比妥似乎有效的8名婴儿中，惊厥停止时苯巴比妥浓度的大致范围为12 - 30微克/毫升。苯巴比妥半衰期在59至182小时之间。在一些婴儿中，苯巴比妥从血浆中消失的速率每天变化很大。引起惊厥的病理状况可能会影响药物的分布、代谢和排泄。因此，对于经常患有严重惊厥的婴儿，很难制定合理的维持剂量方案，最佳剂量必须基于对血浆浓度的反复测定。
