Analysis of collagens solubilized from cartilage of normal and spontaneously osteoarthritic rhesus monkeys.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder which results in the destruction of the articular cartilage and the remodeling of the subchondral bone in synovial joints. We have analyzed the cartilage collagen from normal and osteoarthritic free-ranging rhesus monkeys from the Cayo Santiago colony. The cartilage samples were assigned a severity score based on histological staging system and were divided into four groups (normals, mild OA, moderate OA and severe OA). After a 4.0 M guanidinium chloride (GuCl) extraction, the remainder of the cartilage was digested with pepsin and the collagen was salt precipitated at 2.5 M and 4.3 M NaCl. The GuCl solubility of the osteoarthritic cartilage increased compared to normals. Collagen extractability by GuCl also increased with the severity of disease. Pepsin digestion followed by salt precipitation shows that collagen from rhesus osteoarthritis cartilage is more easily extracted than from normal cartilage. With an anti-type I collagen antibody we have detected the presence of type I collagen in the severe OA cartilage samples but not in the milder OA groups or in normal cartilage. Total collagen content decreases with severity of OA, which is not due to changes in propyl hydroxylation because examination of collagen hydroxylation, based on hydroxyproline analysis, shows no difference between OA and normal cartilage.