Jelev L, Georgiev G, Surchev L
J Anat. 2001 Sep;199(Pt 3):359-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19930359.x.
The sternalis muscle (musculus sternalis) is the name usually given to this common anatomical variant, but the terms ‘episternalis’, ‘presternalis’, ‘sternalis brutorum’, ‘rectus thoracis’, ‘rectus sterni’, ‘superficial rectus abdominis’ and ‘japonicus’ have also been used in the literature (for reviews see Le Double, 1879; Calori, 1888; Pichler, 1911; Blees, 1968). According to Turner (1867), Cabrolius was the first, in 1604, to describe sternalis. Nevertheless this muscle is often unknown even in clinical practice (Bailey & Tzarnas, 1999; Vandeweyer, 1999). Thus far, investigations on the incidence of sternalis have been made both in large populations such as the American (Barlow, 1935) and small populations, for example in Taiwan (Shen et al. 1992; Jeng & Su, 1998). In Europe, all studies on the frequency of this muscle have been made amongst subpopulations in Western (e.g. Cunningham, 1888; Le Double, 1890, 1897) and Northern Europe (Gruber, 1860) although the reported frequencies have been quite different. There is a lack of information about sternalis in Eastern European populations. We therefore present data from a study on the incidence of sternalis muscle in Bulgaria.
胸骨肌（musculus sternalis）通常是指这种常见的解剖变异，但文献中也使用了“胸骨上肌”“胸骨前肌”“胸直肌”“胸骨直肌”“腹直肌浅层”和“日本肌”等术语（综述见勒杜布勒，1879年；卡洛里，1888年；皮克勒，1911年；布利斯，1968年）。根据特纳（1867年）的说法，卡布罗利乌斯在1604年首次描述了胸骨肌。然而，即使在临床实践中，这种肌肉也常常不为人所知（贝利和察尔纳斯，1999年；万德韦耶，1999年）。到目前为止，已经对美国等大群体（巴洛，1935年）和台湾等小群体（沈等人，1992年；郑和平和苏，1998年）的胸骨肌发生率进行了调查。在欧洲，所有关于这种肌肉出现频率的研究都是在西欧（如坎宁安，1888年；勒杜布勒，1890年、1897年）和北欧（格鲁伯，1860年）的亚群体中进行的，尽管报告的频率差异很大。东欧人群中缺乏关于胸骨肌的信息。因此，我们提供了一项关于保加利亚胸骨肌发生率的研究数据。
