Petersen R, Gazmararian J A, Anderson Clark K, Green D C
Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2001 Sep-Oct;11(5):427-35. doi: 10.1016/s1049-3867(01)00090-1.
To increase awareness of issues to include in contraceptive counseling-the objectives of this study were to evaluate: 1) how contraceptive use patterns (eg, non-use), level of effectiveness of contraceptive method, and sociodemographic characteristics may be associated with the occurrence of unintended pregnancy; 2) patterns of health care use for women with intended and unintended pregnancy; and 3) the association between contraceptive use patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. In-person interviews were conducted with 279 women enrolled in a Medicaid managed care health plan who had been pregnant in the last 5 years. Self-reported measures of pregnancy intention, contraceptive use, and health care use were collected. The relationships of pregnancy intention with contraceptive use patterns, level of effectiveness of contraceptive method used, and patterns of recent health care use were assessed. Differences in contraceptive use patterns by sociodemographic groups were assessed. Seventy-eight percent of women reported an unintended pregnancy. Non-use of birth control the month before conception was reported by 57% of women with unintended pregnancies and 84% of women with intended pregnancies. Use of birth control of low effectiveness was reported by 20% of women with unintended pregnancies and 8% of women with intended pregnancies. Non-use or use of contraceptive methods of low effectiveness did not differ for women in different sociodemographic groups regardless of pregnancy intention status. A majority of women reported recent health care use. Health care providers should be aware that women who have no intention for pregnancy may not be using an effective contraceptive method NOR have an effective pattern of contraceptive use.
为了提高对避孕咨询中应涵盖问题的认识，本研究的目的是评估：1）避孕使用模式（如不使用）、避孕方法的有效性水平以及社会人口学特征如何与意外怀孕的发生相关；2）有计划怀孕和意外怀孕女性的医疗保健使用模式；3）避孕使用模式与社会人口学特征之间的关联。对279名参加医疗补助管理式医疗健康计划且在过去5年中怀孕的女性进行了面对面访谈。收集了关于怀孕意愿、避孕使用情况和医疗保健使用情况的自我报告数据。评估了怀孕意愿与避孕使用模式、所用避孕方法的有效性水平以及近期医疗保健使用模式之间的关系。评估了不同社会人口学群体在避孕使用模式上的差异。78%的女性报告有意外怀孕。57%意外怀孕的女性和84%有计划怀孕的女性报告在受孕前一个月未使用避孕措施。20%意外怀孕的女性和8%有计划怀孕的女性报告使用了低效的避孕措施。无论怀孕意愿状况如何，不同社会人口学群体的女性在不使用或使用低效避孕方法方面没有差异。大多数女性报告近期使用过医疗保健服务。医疗保健提供者应意识到，无意怀孕的女性可能没有使用有效的避孕方法，也没有有效的避孕使用模式。
