Cortical responses to electrical and gustatory stimuli in the rabbit.

The distribution of surface positive cortical potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal and lingual nerves which innervate the tongue was mapped in rabbits. All projections were bilateral. Judging from the extent of the cortical response area and the amplitude and latency of the responses, the major projection of the chorda tympani was ipsilateral, whereas that of the lingual and the glossopharyngeal nerves was contralateral. Both the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerve project to a confined area in the insular cortex and the lingual nerve projects to the appropriate part of the somatotopic pattern of somatic sensory area I. Further, a single unit study was undertaken to characterize the response of units in the cerebral cortex which was induced by gustatory stimulation of the anterior tongue, Twenty-four gustatory units were found in the insular cortex and the claustrum. The gustatory units were divided into an early response type (21 units) and a late response type (3 units) based on latency measurements. Gustatory units were also classified according to discharge patterns into excitation type (21 units) and inhibition type (4 units). Eleven units responded to 1 or 2 kinds of conventional taste stimuli, and 13 units responded to more than 3 different taste stimuli. Sensitivities of cortical units to the 4 conventional taste stimuli were found to be mutually independent and randomly distributed among cortical units. The frequency of discharges increased in the excitation type units and decreased in the inhibition type units monotonically with the excitation type units and decreased in the inhibition type units monotonically with an increse of NaCl concentration exfept at the highest concentrations.