Yanagisawa K, Bartoshuk L M, Catalanotto F A, Karrer T A, Kveton J F
Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1998 Feb 1;63(3):329-35. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00423-x.
The chorda tympani nerve innervates the anterior two-thirds and the glossopharyngeal nerve, the posterior one-third, of each side of the tongue. Previous work showed that anesthesia of one chorda tympani increased the perceived intensity of quinine applied to an area innervated by the contralateral glossopharyngeal nerve, but decreased the perceived intensity of NaCl applied to an area innervated by the ipsilateral glossopharyngeal nerve. The data presented here corroborate that earlier finding and show that if both chorda tympani nerves are anesthetized, the taste of quinine is intensified and the taste of NaCl diminished at areas innervated by the glossopharyngeal on both sides of the tongue. In about 40% of the subjects, tastes occurred in the absence of stimulation (we call these tastes phantoms). The phantoms were usually localized to the posterior tongue contralateral to the anesthesia and they were abolished when a topical anesthetic was applied to the area where they were perceived. Phantoms like these may be a source of clinical dysgeusia in patients with localized taste damage. The phantoms may result because the anesthesia releases inhibition normally occurring between the central projection areas of different taste nerves.
鼓索神经支配舌每一侧的前三分之二，而舌咽神经支配后三分之一。先前的研究表明，麻醉一侧的鼓索神经会增加应用于对侧舌咽神经支配区域的奎宁的感知强度，但会降低应用于同侧舌咽神经支配区域的氯化钠的感知强度。此处呈现的数据证实了这一早期发现，并表明如果双侧鼓索神经都被麻醉，在舌两侧舌咽神经支配的区域，奎宁的味道会增强，而氯化钠的味道会减弱。在大约40%的受试者中，在没有刺激的情况下会出现味觉（我们将这些味觉称为幻味）。幻味通常定位于麻醉对侧的舌后部，当在幻味被感知的区域应用局部麻醉剂时，幻味就会消失。像这样的幻味可能是局部味觉受损患者临床味觉障碍的一个来源。幻味可能是由于麻醉解除了不同味觉神经中枢投射区域之间通常存在的抑制作用而产生的。
