Osório M M, Lira P I, Batista-Filho M, Ashworth A
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Nutrição, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2001 Aug;10(2):101-7. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892001000800005.
To determine the prevalence of anemia in children 6-59 months old in Pernambuco, a state in northeastern Brazil, so as to help guide health and nutrition policies there.
In 1997 a representative sample of 777 young children had their hemoglobin concentration measured. The sampling process was in three stages. First, 18 municipalities were randomly selected to represent the state and its three geographic areas (metropolitan region of Recife, urban interior, and rural interior). Next, using census lists, 45 census sectors were randomly chosen. Finally, 777 children aged 6-59 months old were selected. Blood was collected by venipuncture, and hemoglobin was measured with a portable hemoglobinometer. In the analysis, prevalence was weighted to reflect the census age distribution.
The prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months old was 40.9% for the state as a whole. Prevalence in the metropolitan region of Recife was 39.6%, and it was 35.9% in the urban interior. The rural interior had the highest prevalence, 51.4%. Prevalence was twice as high in children aged 6-23 months as among those 24-59 months old, 61.8% vs. 31.0% (chi 2 = 77.9, P < 0.001). The mean hemoglobin concentrations in the younger and older age groups were 10.4 g/dL (standard deviation (SD) = 1.5) and 11.4 g/dL (SD = 1.4), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes in terms of prevalence.
This is the first statewide assessment of anemia prevalence among young children in Brazil. Given the very high prevalence of anemia among the children studied in Pernambuco, especially those in the age group of 6-23 months, public health interventions are needed.
确定巴西东北部伯南布哥州6至59个月大儿童的贫血患病率，以帮助指导该州的健康和营养政策。
1997年，对777名幼儿进行了具有代表性的抽样，测量其血红蛋白浓度。抽样过程分三个阶段。首先，随机选择18个市来代表该州及其三个地理区域（累西腓大都市区、城市内陆和农村内陆）。其次，利用人口普查名单，随机选择45个人口普查区。最后，挑选出777名6至59个月大的儿童。通过静脉穿刺采集血液，并用便携式血红蛋白仪测量血红蛋白。在分析中，对患病率进行加权以反映人口普查年龄分布。
全州6至59个月大儿童的贫血患病率为40.9%。累西腓大都市区的患病率为39.6%，城市内陆为35.9%。农村内陆的患病率最高，为51.4%。6至23个月大儿童的患病率是24至59个月大儿童的两倍，分别为61.8%和31.0%（χ² = 77.9，P < 0.001）。较年轻和较年长年龄组的平均血红蛋白浓度分别为10.4 g/dL（标准差（SD）= 1.5）和11.4 g/dL（SD = 1.4）。患病率在性别方面无统计学显著差异。
这是巴西首次对全州幼儿贫血患病率进行评估。鉴于伯南布哥州所研究儿童中贫血患病率极高，尤其是6至23个月年龄组的儿童，需要采取公共卫生干预措施。
