Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2011 Jun;45(3):457-66. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102011000300003.
To estimate the prevalence of anemia and to identify its associated factors in children aged 6-59 months.
This was a cross-sectional study on data from the Third Health and Nutrition Survey of the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, with a representative sample of 1,403 children from urban and rural areas. Anemia was diagnosed by means of hemoglobin assays. Multivariate analysis was performed though a hierarchical model, using robust-variance Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio as a function of the following variables: biological factors, morbidity, child nutritional state, socioeconomic factors, housing, sanitation and maternal factors.
The weighted prevalence of anemia was 32.8% overall: 31.5% in urban areas and 36.6% in rural areas. In urban areas, anemia was significantly associated with maternal education, consumer goods, number of children less than five years old in the home, drinking water treatment, maternal age, maternal anemia and the child's age. In rural areas, only maternal age and the child's age were significantly associated with anemia.
The prevalence of anemia in children in Pernambuco was similar in urban and rural areas. The factors associated with anemia that are presented here should be taken into consideration in planning effective measures for its control.
评估 6-59 月龄儿童贫血的患病率，并确定其相关因素。
这是巴西东北部伯南布哥州第三次健康和营养调查的一项横断面研究，对来自城市和农村地区的 1403 名儿童进行了有代表性的抽样。通过血红蛋白测定来诊断贫血。采用分层模型进行多变量分析，使用稳健方差泊松回归来估计患病率比，作为以下变量的函数：生物学因素、发病率、儿童营养状况、社会经济因素、住房、卫生和产妇因素。
贫血的加权患病率总体为 32.8%：城市地区为 31.5%，农村地区为 36.6%。在城市地区，贫血与母亲的教育程度、消费品、家中五岁以下儿童的数量、饮用水处理、母亲年龄、母亲贫血和儿童年龄显著相关。在农村地区，只有母亲年龄和儿童年龄与贫血显著相关。
伯南布哥州儿童贫血的患病率在城市和农村地区相似。这里提出的与贫血相关的因素应在规划有效的贫血控制措施时加以考虑。
