Short-term comparative outcomes associated with the use of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists in patients undergoing coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists reduce the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and urgent revascularization among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite a similar mechanism of platelet inhibition, the three currently approved agents vary widely in cost.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this prospectively designed, retrospective analysis was to determine clinical outcomes for patients receiving abciximab, tirofiban or eptifibatide as adjunctive therapy during PCI at a single center. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in outcomes during hospitalization following PCI in patients receiving tirofiban or eptifibatide compared with those patients who received abciximab. Outcomes examined included in-hospital mortality, hemorrhagic procedural complications, need for recatheterization, peak creatine kinase following intervention and length of hospital stay (LOS).

RESULTS

Two hundred and sixty seven consecutive patients in whom GP IIb/IIIa antagonist therapy was initiated in the catheterization laboratory for PCI were analyzed. Abciximab-treated patients were more likely to be undergoing primary (p<0.001) and rescue (p=0.022) PCI and to have received fibrinolytic therapy (p=0.013) when compared to patients receiving tirofiban or eptifibatide. There were no significant differences between abciximab- and non abciximab-treated patients in either the primary PCI or non primary PCI groups in any of the studied endpoints. In patients undergoing primary PCI, abciximab-treated patients when compared with non abciximab-treated patients exhibited a trend toward an increase in hospital LOS (7.8+/-7.0 d vs 6.2+/-3.9, p=0.19) and in the frequency of hemorrhagic complications (22.1% vs 5.3%, p=0.11). In patients not receiving fibrinolytic therapy, abciximab-treated patients experienced a trend toward increased hemorrhagic complications following PCI when compared to non abciximab-treated patients (10.2% vs 6.0%, p=0.28). Complications distant from the vascular access site comprised 62.5% of hemorrhagic complications in the abciximab-treated group, but only 20% of the complications in the non-abciximab treated population (p<0.001). These data suggest no differences in acute outcomes between groups of patients receiving abciximab or other approved GP IIb/IIIa antagonists highlighting a potential significant cost saving. These data will require interpretation following the publication of comparative trials.