Melrose R J
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, USA.
J Calif Dent Assoc. 2001 Aug;29(8):593-600.
A premalignant phase in the development of oral cancer is predicted by the classic model of experimental epithelial carcinogenesis. Virtually all oral squamous cell carcinomas arise from a premalignant precursor, but it is difficult to specifically define the term premalignant. Oral pathologists use the term epithelial dysplasia to indicate microscopic features in a biopsy specimen that are associated with a risk of malignant change and then assign a grade of severity. There is good correlation between higher grades of dysplasia and increasing risk of cancer but less so with the lower grades. The clinical appearances manifested by oral epithelial dysplasia and early oral cancer include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and speckled leukoplakia. This paper discusses and illustrates these clinical lesions, their associated risk factors, their relationship to epithelial dysplasia, and the associated risk of evolution into oral cancer.
实验性上皮癌发生的经典模型预测了口腔癌发展过程中的癌前阶段。实际上，所有口腔鳞状细胞癌都起源于癌前前体，但很难明确界定“癌前”一词。口腔病理学家使用“上皮发育异常”一词来表示活检标本中与恶变风险相关的微观特征，然后给出严重程度分级。发育异常等级越高与癌症风险增加之间的相关性越好，而较低等级的相关性则较弱。口腔上皮发育异常和早期口腔癌的临床表现包括白斑、红斑和斑点状白斑。本文讨论并阐述了这些临床病变、其相关风险因素、它们与上皮发育异常的关系以及演变为口腔癌的相关风险。
