Grillon C, Ameli R
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2001 Sep;38(5):807-15.
Conditioned inhibition of classical conditioning was investigated with the startle reflex and the skin conductance response (SCR) in humans using a serial presentation of the conditioned inhibitor (X) and of the conditioned stimulus (CS). The unconditioned stimulus (US) was a shock. During conditioning, participants were presented with two different reinforced CS (A, B) and with X preceding A (noted X-->A). During X-->A, A was not reinforced with the US. During the summation test, B, X-->B, and Y-->B were presented (Y was a new stimulus that tested the specificity of the inhibitory properties of X). B was not reinforced during the summation test. A, B, X, and Y were lights of different colors. Participants were divided into a low and a high anxious group based on the TPQ (C.R. Cloninger, 1987). In the low anxious group, conditioned startle potentiation and SCR responses to A were inhibited when X preceded A (noted A(XA)). This differential responding to A and A(XA) emerged earlier with the SCR than with startle. During the summation test, the inhibitory properties of X did not transfer to B. In the high anxious group, there was only a differential SCR to A and A(XA). X did not inhibit startle potentiation to A.
采用条件抑制剂（X）和条件刺激（CS）的序列呈现，利用惊跳反射和皮肤电反应（SCR）对人类经典条件作用中的条件抑制进行了研究。无条件刺激（US）为电击。在条件作用过程中，向参与者呈现两种不同的强化CS（A、B），且X在A之前呈现（记为X→A）。在X→A期间，A未与US配对强化。在总和测试中，呈现B、X→B和Y→B（Y是一种新刺激，用于测试X抑制特性的特异性）。在总和测试期间，B未得到强化。A、B、X和Y为不同颜色的灯光。根据三因素人格问卷（C.R. 克隆宁格，1987年）将参与者分为低焦虑组和高焦虑组。在低焦虑组中，当X在A之前呈现时（记为A(XA)），对A的条件性惊跳增强和SCR反应受到抑制。与惊跳相比，SCR对A和A(XA)的这种差异反应出现得更早。在总和测试中，X的抑制特性未转移至B。在高焦虑组中，仅对A和A(XA)存在SCR差异。X并未抑制对A的惊跳增强。
