Joseph E D
Int J Psychoanal Psychother. 1975;4:336-48.
A satisfactory psychoanalytic definition and theory of affects has not yet been evolved. In spite of this, analysts work with affects using, for practical purposes, a common-sense definition leading to a therapeutic advantage in coordinating affective and cognitive structures as they appear in the course of a prolonged analysis. Undoing of defenses facilitates this process, allowing the ego's integrative capacities to function more adequately and satisfactorily in relation to inner and outer reality. A developmental hierarchy of affects emerges in this way ranging from primitive--all or none--affective experiences to adult, modified expression of such ego experiences. A brief historical survey of the changing forms of the theory of affects is included, as are clinical vignettes illustrating the therapeutic aspects of dealing with affective expression in the psychoanalytic situation. The therapeutic gains of such work comes about through the integration of earlier affective experiences into more developed cognitive structures allowing a variety of ego functions greater control over adult experiences.
令人满意的关于情感的精神分析定义和理论尚未形成。尽管如此，分析师们在实际工作中运用情感时，采用的是一种常识性定义，这在长期分析过程中协调情感和认知结构方面带来了治疗优势。防御机制的解除促进了这一过程，使自我的整合能力能够更充分、更令人满意地应对内在和外在现实。这样就出现了一个情感发展层次结构，从原始的——全有或全无的——情感体验到成人对这种自我体验的修正表达。本文还简要回顾了情感理论不断变化的形式，以及一些临床案例，这些案例说明了在精神分析情境中处理情感表达的治疗方面。这种工作的治疗效果是通过将早期的情感体验整合到更发达的认知结构中实现的，从而使各种自我功能能够更好地控制成人的体验。
