Olinick S L
Int J Psychoanal Psychother. 1978;7:533-61.
Transitional phenomenon, paradox, metaphor, and empathic process are examined with emphasis on discerning what impels the work ego, or autonomous analyzing functions of the analyst, to move alternatively between evenly hovering attention and verbal intervention. The study is based on the premise that there are interfaces, which it attempts to clarify and broaden, between aspects of the psychoanalytic and literary perceptions of human experience, as these latter have been traditionally epitomized and structured in paradox and metaphor. Paradox and metaphor are seen as forms adapted from literature and rhetoric which represent, indicate, and focus on dilemmas, predicaments, and conflicts of living. Provisionally, I conclude that they are adaptive and defensive processes, directed against primitive affects deriving from the separation-individuation period of child development, that they are closely linked with and expressive of adult forms of transitional phenomena and processes associated with the stresses and conflicts of the same period, and that they constitute an important segment of the data from which the work ego draws its stimuli and information. I offer clinical vignettes and literary instances illustrating these connections.
本文探讨了过渡现象、悖论、隐喻和共情过程，重点在于辨别是什么促使工作自我（即分析师的自主分析功能）在均匀悬浮注意和言语干预之间交替转换。该研究基于这样一个前提：在精神分析和文学对人类经验的认知方面存在着一些界面，本研究试图对这些界面进行澄清和拓展，因为后者在传统上是以悖论和隐喻的形式得以概括和构建的。悖论和隐喻被视为从文学和修辞中借鉴而来的形式，它们呈现、指示并聚焦于生活中的困境、窘境和冲突。我初步得出结论：它们是适应性和防御性的过程，针对源自儿童发展分离个体化阶段的原始情感，它们与同一时期压力和冲突相关的成人形式的过渡现象和过程紧密相连且表达了这些现象和过程，并且它们构成了工作自我从中获取刺激和信息的重要数据部分。我提供了临床案例和文学实例来说明这些联系。
